7: 



MAHICAN 



[b. a. e. 



and secured together, giving the appear- 

 ance of a garden arbor; the sides and roof 

 were then lathed with split poles, and 

 over this l»ark was lapped and fastened 

 by withes to the lathing. A smoke-hole 

 was left in the roof, and a single door- 

 way was provided. These houses rarely 

 exceeded 20 ft in width, but they were 

 sometimes 180 ft long. Their so-called 

 castles were strong, tirm structures, and 

 were situated usually on a steep, high, 

 flat-topped hill, near a stream. The top 

 of the hill was inclosed with a strong 

 !=tockade, having large logs for a founda- 

 tion, on both sides of which oak posts, 

 forming a palisade, were set in the 

 ground, the upper ends being crossed 

 and joined together. Inside the walls of 

 such inclosures they not infre(|uently had 

 20 or 30 houses. Besides their strong- 

 holds they had villages and towns which 

 were inclosed or stockaded and which 

 usually had woodland on one side and 

 corn land on the other. Their religious 

 beliefs were substantially the same as 

 those of the New P^ngland Indians. 



Barton gives the Mahican 3 clans: 

 Muchquauh (bear), Mechchauoh (wolf), 

 Toonpaooh (turtle). According to Mor- 

 gan they had originally the same clans 

 as the Delawares and Munsee — the Wolf, 

 Turtle, and Turkey; but these ultimately 

 developed into phratries, subdivided into 

 clans as follows: The Tooksetuk (wolf) 

 phratry into the Nehjao (wolf), Makwa 

 (bear), Ndeyao (dog), and Wapakwe 

 (opossum) clans; the Tonebao (turtle) 

 phratry into the (Takpomute (little tur- 

 tle), (mud turtle), Tonebao (great 



turtle), and Wesawmaun (yellow eel) 



clans; , the Turkey phratry into 



the Naahmao (turkey), Gahko (crane), 

 and (chicken) claus. 



The villages of the Mahii'an, so far as 

 their names have l)een recorded, were 

 Aepjin, Kaunaumeek (Stockbridge), Ma- 

 ringoman's Castle, Monemius, Potic, 

 Scaticook (3 villages in Dutchess and 

 Rensselaer cos., N. Y., and Litchfield co.. 

 Conn.), ychodac, Wiatiac, Wiltmeet, 

 Winooskeek, and Wyantenuc. 



(.1. M. c. T.) 

 Agotsaganes.— Clark quoted by Brinton, Lenape 

 Leg., 255, 1885 ('stutterers,' 'thc^ie who .«peak a 

 strange tongue': Mohawk name). Agotsagen- 

 ens. — Jogues (r«. 1640) quoted by Shea, Miss. 

 Val., 165, 1852. Agozhagauta.— Ettweiii (1S4S) 

 quoted by Brinton, op. cit., 14. Akochakaneii'. — 

 Hewitt, inf'n, 1906 (Iroquois name). Aquatsa- 

 gane. — Esnautsand Rapilly. map, 1777. Aquatza- 

 gane.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, .W2, 18-53. 

 Atsayongky.— De Laet (1633) in N. Y. Hist. Soc. 

 Coll., 2d s., 1,315,1841. Canoe Indians —Gale, Upper 

 Mi.ss. ,169, 1867 (so called by whites). Hikanagi. — 

 Gatsehet, Shawnee MS.. B. A. E. (Shawnee name). 

 Loo's.— Coffen (1754) in N Y, Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 836, 

 1855. Loups.— French doc. of 1605, ibid., ix, 38, 

 1855. Machicans.— Hendricksen (1616), ibid., I, 

 14, 18.56. Machingans. — .leffervs, French Doms , 

 pt. 1, 136, 1761. Mahakanders'.- Markham (1691) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col Hist., in, 809, 18.53. Maha- 

 kans.— Hazard, Coll. Am. State Papers, i, 520, 1792. 



Mahckanders.— DoTigan (1687) in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., 111,439,1853 (iiiis])rint). Mahegan. — Vaillant 

 (1688), ibid., 521. Maheingans.— Iberville (1699) in 

 Margry, Dec.,iv, 342, l.s80. Mahekanders.— Living- 

 ston (1687) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., in, 481, 18.53. 

 Mahhekaneew.— Vater, Mith.,pt. 3, sec. 3, 268, 1816. 

 Mahicanders.— Doc. of 1646 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hi.st.i 

 1,184, 1S56. Mahicanni. — Barton, New Views, xxxi' 

 1797. Mahicans.— Map ca. 1614 in N. Y. Doc. Col.' 

 Hist., 1,1856. Mahiccanni. — Heckewelder quoted 

 by Thompson, Long. Id., i,76, 1843. Mahiccans. — 

 Barton, New Views, xxxix, 1797. Mahiccon. — 

 Thomson {ca. 1785) quoted by Barton, ibid., 

 xxxii. Mahicon. — Barton, ibid., xi, 1798. Mahi- 

 gan.— Vaillant (1688) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., iii, 

 .522, 1853. Mahiganathicoit. — Champlain (1619), 

 Vov., II, 142, 1830. Mahiganaticois. — Champlain 

 (U)27), CEuvres, v, pt. 2, 13.5, 1870. Mahigan- 

 Aticois.— Ibid., 209. Mahigane.— La Salle (1681) in 

 Margry, Dec, ii, 148, 1877. Hahiggins. — Clobery 

 (1633) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hi.st., i, 78, 1856. MS- 

 hik'.— Hewitt, inf'n. 1886 (Tuscarora name). 

 Mahikan.— Doc. of 16J4 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., I, 

 151, 18,56. Mahikanders.— Doc. of 1651, ibid., ,"^42. 

 Mahikkanders.— KonuT (1700), ibid., iv, 799, 1854. 

 Mahillendras.— Dongan (1688), ibid., in, 533, 1853 

 (misprint?). Mahinganak. — ,Tes. Rel. for 1646. 3, 

 1858. Mahinganiois.— ,Ies. Rel.forl652, 26, 1858. Ma- 

 hingans. — ,lcs. Rel. for 1646, 3,1858. Mahingaus. — 

 Richiinlson, Arct. Exped., ii, 39, 1851 (misprint). 

 Mahycander.— Doc. of 1660 in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., XIII, 165, 18,si. Maicanders.— Doc. (ca. 1643), 

 ibid., I, 196, 1.S56. Maikans.— Was.senaar {ca. 

 1626) quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 58, 

 1872. Maikens.— Wassenaar (1632) quoted by Rut- 

 tenber, ibid. Makicander. — Nicolls (1678) in N Y 

 Doc. Col. Hist., XHI, 516, 1881. Makihander.— 

 Boudinot, Star in the We.st, 99, 1816. Maki- 

 manes.— Mapof 1616 in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., I, l,s56. 

 Makingans.- .leiYerys, French Doms., pt, i, 11, 

 1761. Malukander.— Glen (1699) in N. V. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., IV, .5,58, 18.54 (misprint). Manhikani.— 

 De Laet (16:53) quoted by Vater, Mith., pt. 3, 

 sec. 3, 390, 1816. Manhikans.— Vater, ibid. Man- 

 hingans.— Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 57, 1872. 

 Manikans. — De Laet {ca. 16'i3) quoted by .Tones, 

 Ind. Bull., 6, 1867. Mankikani.— De Laet <|Uoted 

 by Barton, New Views, xxxi, 1797. Mauraigans.— 

 Bacqueville de la Potherie, in, 126, ]7,5:i. Mauray- 

 gans.— Writer (if 1691 in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., ix, 

 513, 1855. Mayekanders. — DeVries (16.55) quoted by 

 Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 105, 1872. Maygana- 

 thicoise.— Champlain {ca. 1619) in Shea, Miss. 

 Val., 165, l,s.52. Maykanders.- Doc. of 16.50 in N.Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist.. I, 412, LS.56. Mehihammers. — New 

 York conf. (17.53), ibid., vi, 782, 18.55. Mhikana.— 

 Gatsehet, Shawnee iMS., B. A. E., 1880 (Shawnee 

 form). Miheconders.— Canajoharie conf. (17.59) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., VII, 393, 18.56. Mihicanders.— 

 Ft.Iohnsonconf. (17.56), ibid. ,50. Moheakanneews— 

 Mor.se, Mod. Geog., l. .54, 1814. Moheakenunks. — 

 Clark, Onondaga, l, is, 1819. Moheakounuck.— 

 Doc. of 1774 quoted by Ruttenber, Tribes Iluil.son 

 R., 269, 1872. Moheakunnuks.— Morse, Rep. to 

 Sec. War., 76, 1822. Mohecan.— Dawson in Drake, 

 Bk. Inds.,v,77,1848. Moheckons.— Peters (1761) in 

 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., ix, 440, 1871. Mohe- 

 connoek.— Doc. of 1791qu(ited by Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, v, 668, 1855. Mo-heegan.— Stiles (17.56) 

 quoted by Brinton, Lenape Leg., 35, 1885. Mohe- 

 kin.— Letter of 1771 quoted bv Ruttenber, Tribes 

 Hudson R., 194, 1872. Mo-he-kun-e-uk— Morgan, 

 Anc. Soc, 113, 1877. Mo-he'-kun-ne-uk — Morgan, 

 Consang.and Afhn. ,289, 1870. Mohekunnuks.— Mor- 

 gan, League Iroq., 45,1851. Mohekunuh.— Belknap 

 and Morse in Ma.ss. Hist. Soc. Coll., 1st s.,v, 12,1816. 

 Mohicander. — Johnson {ca. 17.56) quoted by Rut- 

 tenber, Tribes Hudson R., 231, 1872. Mohicands.— 

 Lovelace (1669) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., xiii, 439, 

 18S1 . Mohican".— Doc. of 1676, ibid., xiv. 718, 1883. 

 Mohicans —Michaelius (1628), ibid., ll, 769, 1858. 

 Mohiccons — Hiltchins (17(i8) quoted bv .leffer.son, 

 -Notes, 142. 1825. Mohickan.— Doe. of 1755 quoted 

 by Rupp, Northampton Co., 88, 1845. Mohickan- 

 ders.— .Johnson (1756) in N. Y. Doc Col. Hist., vii, 

 136, 18.56 Mohicken — Croghan (1760)in Mass. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., 4ths , IX, 378. 1871. Mohickons.— VVeiser 

 (1748) quoted bv Rupp, West. Penn , app.. 16, 

 1846. Mohigon.— Yong (1634) in Mass. Hist. Soc. 



