3ULL. 30] 



MARIN MARIPOSAN FAMILY 



807 



Tahapit, Toa, Toaedut, Tota, Tuburcli, 

 Tuhurh, Tu))utavia, Tucavi, Tuceiani, Tuc- 

 sasic, Tuesapit, Tuniac, Tuquii^an, Tuto- 

 magoidag, Uparch, Upasoitac, Uitorrum, 

 Urchaoztac, and Yayahaye. (f. w. ir. ). 

 Atchihwa'.— Gatsclift, Yuma'-Spr., ii, 123, 1«77 

 (Yavapai name). A'wp-pa-pa. — Grossman, Pima 

 and Papa^o vocab., B. A. E., ISVl' (Pima imme). 

 Cocamaricopa.— Kino ir«. 1(J99) in Doc. Hi.st. Mex., 

 4th .s., I, 349, 1856. Cocomarecopper. — Pattie, Pers. 

 Narr., 9'2, 1S33. Cocomari. — Carver, Travels, map, 

 1778. Cocomaricopas. — D'Anville, map Am. Sept., 

 1746. Cocomarisepas.^Mota-l'aililla, Hist, de la 

 Conquista, 361, 1742. Cocomiracopas. — Hnglies, 

 Doniphan's Kxped., 220-1, 1848. Cokomaricopas. — 

 D'Anville, map N. A. (Bolton's ed.), 1752. Co- 

 maniopa. — Villa-Senor, Tlieatro Am., pt. 2, 40.5, 

 1748. Comaricopas. — Undo Eln.sayo {ca. 1763), 24, 

 103, 1863. Coro Marikopa. — Eastman, map (18.53) in 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 24-25, 18.54. Mapico- 

 pas. — Keane in Stanford, Compend., 520, 1878. 

 Maracopa. — Cooke in Emory, Recon.', 561, 1848. 

 Marecopas.— Simpson in Rep. Sec. War, 57, 18.50. 

 Maricopa. — Emory, Kecon., 89, 1848. Kiracopas. — 

 Hughes, Doniphan's Exped., 221, 1848. Miroco- 

 pas. — Djid. Oohpap. — ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 

 160, 1885 (Oopap or; Pima name for). Odpap.— Ibid. 

 Oopas. — Rudo Ensayo (ca. 1763), 24, 1863. Opas, — 

 Venegas, Hist. Cal., i, 297, 301, 1759. Ozaras.— 

 Zarate-Salmeron (cd. 1629), Rel., in Land of Sun- 

 shine, 106, Jan. 1900 (probably identical). Ozar- 

 rar. — Bandelier (after Salmeron) in Arch. Inst. 

 Papers, ill, 110, IS'JO. Pi-pas,— A. Hrdlicka, inf'n, 

 1905 (own name). Pipatsje, — ten Kate, Reizen in 

 N. A., 160, 1885 ( 'people ' : own name) . Si-ke-na.— 

 White, MS. Hist. Apaches, 1875, B. A.E. (Apache 

 name for Pima, Papago, and Maricopa: 'living 

 in sand houses,' from Apache sai 'sand,' ki 'house'; 

 pronounced Sai'kine). Ta'hba. — Gatschet, 

 Yuma-Spr., 86. 1SS6 (Yavapai name). Tchihoga- 

 sat. — Ibid. (Havasupai name). Widshi itikapa, — 

 Ibid., 371, 1886 (Tontoname; also applied to Pima 

 and Papago). 



Marin. A chief of the Licatint, appar- 

 ently a band or village of tlie Gallinomero, 

 about the present San Rafael, Marin co., 

 Cal., in the early part of the 19th century. 

 The Spanish accounts relating to him are 

 conflicting. According to the most defi- 

 nite authority he was defeated and cap- 

 tured in battle with Spanish troops in 1815 

 or 1816 and carried to San Francisco, but 

 escaped and resumed hostilities from his 

 refuge place on the Marin ids. He was 

 retaken in 1824, and accepting his fate, 

 retired to San Rafael mission, where he 

 died in 1834, or, according to other ac- 

 counts, as late as 1848. The county takes 

 its name from him. See Bancroft, Hist. 

 Cal., II, VII, 1886-1890. 



Maringoman's Castle. A palisaded vil- 

 lage, so named after a Waoranec chief 

 who occupied it in 1635, formerly on Mur- 

 derer's cr., at Bloominggrove, Ulster en., 

 N. Y.— Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 94, 

 1872. 



Mariposan Family (adapted from Span. 

 maripo>!(i, ' butterfly,' the name of a coun- 

 ty in California). The name applied by 

 Powell to a linguistic stock of Indians, 

 generally known as Yokuts, in San Joa- 

 quin valley, Cal. Their territory ex- 

 tended from the lower Sierra Nevada to 

 the Coast range, and from mounts Pinos 

 and Tehachapi to Fresno and Chowchilla 

 rs. A separate body dwelt in the n., in 



a narrow strip of territory along the San 

 Joaquin, between Tuolumne and Cala- 

 veras rs., about the site of Stockton. 

 These were the Cholovone. The Coco- 

 noon, said to have been INIarijjosan, occu- 

 pied an area within the limits of Mo(pie- 

 lumnan territory. 



Physically the southern members of 

 this family, from Kaweah and Tule rs. 

 and from Tejon, are very similar to the 

 Yumau tribes of s. California. They are 

 fairly tall (169 cm.) and rather short- 

 headed (cephalic index 82 to 83). Their 

 superficial appearance is rather similar to 

 that of the tribes of central California. 

 They are not infrecjuentlv fat (Boas in 

 Proc. A. A. A. S., XLiv, 261-9, 1896) . 



Their houses, especially those in the 

 plains, were generally made of tules, and 

 were often erected in rows, a village of 

 the tribes about Tulare lake consisting of 

 a row of such liouses united into one. 

 These long communal houses had an en- 

 trance and a fireplace for each family. 

 Earth-covered sweat-houses were also 

 built. Their implements and utensils 

 were generally rude; the workingof wood 

 seems to have been confined to a few 

 objects, such as bows and pipes, true 

 wood carving not being i:)ractised. Their 

 bows were of two types, one used for war 

 and one for the hunt. Some of the tribes 

 made a very crude and undecorated pot- 

 tery similar to tliat of their Shoshonean 

 neighbors of the mountains, which is the 

 only occurrence of pottery in central Cali- 

 fornia, and the art is probably a recent 

 acquisition. The women were proficient 

 basket makers, their product being pre-^ 

 dominantly of the coiled type. Shapes 

 with a flat top and restricted opening are 

 characteristic; of this region and of the 

 Shoshoneans innnediately to the e. 



The social organization of the tribes 

 was very simple, with no trace of totem- 

 ism or of any gentile system. Prohibi- 

 tion of marriage extended only to actually 

 known ))lood relationships, entirely irre- 

 spective of groups. Chieftainship tended 

 to be hereditary in the male line. The 

 groups, or tribes, had more solidarity 

 than elsewhere in California, as is shown 

 by the occurrence of well-recognized 

 names for the tribes. Hostilities were 

 occasionally carried on between groups or 

 with Shoshonean tribes, but in general 

 the tribes w'ere peaceful and friendly, 

 even with their neighbors speaking alien 

 languages. An initiation ceremony for 

 young men consisted of a period of prepa- 

 ration followed by an intoxication pro- 

 duced by a decoction of jimson weed. A 

 puberty ceremony for girls was not jirac- 

 tised. The tabus and restrictions apjjlied 

 chiefly to childbirth and death. Death 

 was followed by singing, dancing, and 

 wailing. The body was buried or burned, 



