808 



MARMASECE MARRIAGE 



tB. A. E. 



the practice varying with tlir different 

 tribes; the property of the deceased was 

 destroyed, his house burned, and his 

 name tabued. There was an elaborate 

 annua^ mourning ceremony for the dead 

 of the year, wliich tooli place about a 

 large fire in wliich much property was 

 consumed. This ceremony, which has 

 been described as the Dance of the Dead, 

 was followed by dancing of a festive char- 

 acter. 



The Mariposan Indians were encoun- 

 tered by the Spaniards soon after their set- 

 tlement in California, and with the other 

 tribes of San Joaquin valley were gener- 

 ally known as Tularenos, etc., from the 

 name of the lakes and of San Joaquin r., 

 which during the Mission period bore the 

 name Rio de los Tulares. No very con- 

 siderable portion of the grouj) seems to 

 have come under the contr(jl of the Fran- 

 ciscan missionaries, but there was some 

 intercourse and trade between the con- 

 verted Indians of the coast regions and 

 the Mariposan tribes of the interior. The 

 Cholovone, Chukchansi, Tachi, Telamni, 

 and other tribes were, however, at least 

 in part, settled at San Antonio, San Juan 

 Bautista, and other missions. 



On the sudden overrunning of their 

 country by the whites after the discov- 

 ery of gold in California, the Intlians of 

 this family were either friendly or unable 

 to make an effectual resistance. The 

 Kaweah river tribes seem to have been 

 the most hostile to the Americans, but 

 no general Indian war took place in their 

 territory, and treaties were ma<le with 

 all the tribes in 1851, by which they 

 ceded the greater part of their territory 

 (Roycein 18th Rep. B. A. E., 782, 1900). 

 Many of the northern tribes were soon 

 gathered on the Fresno River res., near 

 Madera, and the southern tribes atTejon; 

 but the former was abandoned in 1859 and 

 the latter in 1864. The Indians at Tejon 

 were removed to Tule r., where, after an- 

 other removal, the present Tule River 

 res. was set apart for them in 1873 and 

 occupied in 1876. The Indians of this 

 reservation, mostly from Tejon and from 

 Tule and Kaweah rs., numbered 154 

 in 1905. North of Tule r. the remaining 

 Indians of this stock now live in and near 

 their old homes; their numbers have 

 greatly decreased and are not accurately 

 known, while the Cholovone seem to be 

 extinct. 



About 40 tribes, each of about the nu- 

 merical size of a village community, but 

 possessing a distinct dialect, constituted 

 the Yoknts or Mariposan family. About 

 half of these are now extinct. These 

 tribes, according to information furnished 

 by Dr A. L. Kroeber, were the Cholovone, 

 or, more correctly, Chulamni, about Stock- 

 ton; the Chaushila, Chukchansi, Talinchi 



(properly Dalinchi), Heuchi, Toltichi, 

 Pitkachi, Hoyima, Tumna (Dunma), and 

 Kechayi, on San Joaquin r. and N. to 

 Chowchilla r. ; the Kassovo (Gashowu), 

 on Dry cr. ; the Choininmi, Michahai, 

 Chukaimina, Itii'ha (Aiticha), Toikhichi, 

 Wechikhit, Nutunutu, Wimilchi, Apiachi, 

 and perhaps the Kochiyali, on Kings r. ; 

 the Tachi, Chuuut, and \Vowol, on Tulare' 

 lake, and the Tulanmi and a tribe remem- 

 bered only as Khomtinin ( 'southerners') 

 on the smaller lakes to the s. ; the Kawia 

 (Gawia), Yokol or Yokod, Wikchamni, 

 Wowolasi, Telamni, and Choinok, on 

 Kaweah r. ; and the Yaudanchi, Bokni- 

 nuwad, Kumachisi, Koyeti, Paleuyami, 

 Truhohayi, and Yauelmani, on the 

 streams from Tule r. to Kern r. 



Names given as if of Yokuts tribes, but 

 which may be place names or may refer 

 to Shoshonean or other groups, are Carise, 

 Caruana, Chebontes, Cheticnewash, Hole- 

 clame, Holmiuk, Lenahuon, Montotos, 

 Nonous, Sohonut, and Tatagua; also, en- 

 tirely unidentifial)le, Amonce, Kowsis, 

 Nelcelchumnee, Noketotra or Nutrecho 

 or Pohonatri, Nopthrinthres, Oponoche, 

 and Ptolme. 



Mariposa. — Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 

 84, Is.'iG. Mariposan. — Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 

 90, 1X91. Noaches— Cortez (1799) in Pac R. R. 

 Rep., Ill, lit. 3, 12U, 1S.:h'). Noche.— Garee.s (1776), 

 Diary, 279 et seq., 1900. Nochi.— Font (1777), map, 

 in Garces, ibid. Yocut. — Bancroft, Native Races, 

 I, 4.'i7, 1S74. Yo'kuts.— Powers in Cent. N. A. 

 Ethnol., Ill, 369, 1877. 



Marmasece. Reported by some old 

 Lummi as an extinct tribe on Puget sd.. 

 Wash., in about the habitat of their own 

 people, l)y whont they may have Ijeen ex- 

 terminated. They are also said to have 

 killed three white men before the occu- 

 pancy of the country by the Hudson's 

 Bay Co. or the arrival of the first ships. 



Mar-ma-sece. — Fitzhugh in Ind. Aff. Rep. 18.^7, 327, 

 18?i8. 



Marracou. A town and tribe, probably 

 Timuquanan, situated, in 1564, 40 leagues 

 s. of the mouth of the St Johns r., Fla. — 

 Laudonniere ( 1564) in French, Hist. Coll. 

 La., n. s., 279, 1869. 



Marriage. Except that marital unions 

 depend everywhere on economic con- 

 siderations, there is such diversity in the 

 marriage customs of the natives of North 

 America that no general description will 

 apply beyond a single great cultural 

 group. 



The Eskimo, except those tribes of 

 Alaska that have been led to imitate the 

 institutions of neighboring tril)es of alien 

 stocks, have no clan organization. Ac- 

 cordingly the choice of a mate is barred 

 only by specified degrees of kinship. In- 

 terest an<l convenience govern the selec- 

 tion. The youth looks for a competent 

 housewife, the girl for a skilled hunter. 

 There is no wedding ceremony. The man 

 obtains the parents' consent, jiresents his 



