BULL. SO] 



MBEWAKANTON 



827 



several villages extending from Sauk Rap- 

 ids to the mouth of Wisconsin r. and up 

 the Minnesota 35 m. According to Neill 

 (Minn. Hist. Coll., i, 262, 1872) this split- 

 ting into bands was due to the influence 

 of French traders. This author asserts 

 that the people of this division were still 

 residing at Mille Lac at the time Le Sueur 

 built his post near the mouth of Blue 

 Earth r. in 1700, and that their change of 

 location to the region of lower Min- 

 nesota r. was due to the establishment of 

 trading posts in that section. This would 

 indicate a later removal to that locality 

 than Williamson supposed. Rev. G. H. 

 Pond, as quoted by Neill, says: "When 

 to this we add the fact that traders 

 taught them to. plant corn, which actu- 

 ally took the jjlace of wild rice, nothing 

 was wanting to bring the Mdewakantons 

 south to the Minnesota r. Accordingly 

 tradition tells us that this division of the 

 Dakotas no so()ner ])ecame acquainted 

 with traders, and the advantage of the 

 trade, than they erected their teepees 

 around the log hut of the white man and 

 hunted in the direction of the Minnesota 

 r., returning in the 'rice-gathering moon ' 

 (September) to the rice swamps nearest 

 their friends." In Le Sueur's list of the 

 eastern Dakota tribes the name Issati is 

 dropped and that of Mdewakanton, un- 

 der the form Mendeouacantons, is used, 

 evidently for the first time. The whites 

 came into more intimate relation with 

 this tribe than with any other of the 

 Dakota group, but the history — which is 

 not of general interest except in so far as 

 it relates to the outbreak of 1862, in 

 which some of them took an active part — 

 is chiefly that of the different bands and 

 not of the tribe as a whole. After their 

 defeat by the United States, they and 

 the Winnebago were removed to Crow 

 Creek res., Dakota Ter. Subsequently 

 tlie Mdewakanton and Wahpekute were 

 transferred to the Santee res. in Nebraska. 

 Ultimately lands were assigned them in 

 severalty, the reservation was abolished, 

 and the Indians became citizens of the 

 United States. In general- customs and 

 l)eliefs they resem])le the other divisions 

 of the eastern Sioux. ( See Dnlvta. ) 



The tribe joined in the followingtreaties 

 with the United States: Prairie duChien, 

 Wis., July 15, 1830, by which they and 

 other eastern Sioux tribes ceded a strip 

 20 m. wide from the Mississippi to Des 

 Moines r., la. Convention at St Peters, 

 Minn., Nov. 30, 1836, with the upper 

 Mdewakanton, agreeing on certain stipu- 

 lations regarding the treaty of July 15, 

 1830. Treaty of Washington, Sept. 29, 

 1837, by which they ceded to the United 

 States all their interest in lands e. of the 

 Mis.sissippi. Treaty of Mendota, Minn., 

 Aug. 5, 1851, by which they ceded all 



their lands in Iowa and Minnesota, re- 

 taining as a reservation a tract 10 m. wide 

 on each side of Minnesota r. Treaty of 

 Washington, June 19, 1858, by which 

 they sold that part of their reservation n. 

 of Minnesota r., retaining the portion 

 s. of the river, which they agreed to take 

 in severalty. By act of Mar. 3, 1863, the 

 President was authorized to set apart for 

 them a reserve beyond the limits of any 

 state and remove them thereto, their re- 

 serve in Minnesota to be sold for their 

 benefit. The new reserve was esta])lished 

 by Executive order, July 1, 1863, on 

 Crow cr., S. Dak. See Reservations. 



Lewis and Clark (1804) estimated them 

 at 300 fighting men or 1,200 souls; Long 

 in 1822 (Exped. St Peter's R., 380, 1824) 

 estimated the various bands as follows: 



MDEWAKANTON 



Keoxa (Kiyuksa), 400; Eanbosandata 

 (Khemnichan), 100; Kapozha, 300; Oa- 

 noska (Ohanhanska), 200; Tetankatane 

 (Tintaotonwe), 150; Taoapa, 300; Wea- 

 kaote (Khemnichan), 50.- According to 

 the Census of 1890 there were 869 Mde- 

 wakanton and Wahpekute on Santee 

 reservation, Nebr., and 292 at Flandreau, 

 S. Dak. The report for 1905 mentions 

 as not under an agent 150 at Birch 

 Coo'ley and 779 elsewhere in Minne- 

 sota. The recognized divisions are as 

 follows: (1) Kiyuksa, (2) Ohanhanska, 

 (3) Tacanhpisapa, (4) Anoginajin, (5) 

 Tintaotonwe, and (6) Oyateshicha, be- 

 longing to the Wakpaatonwedan divi- 

 sion, which seems to have constituted the 

 whole tribe in early times, and (7) Khem- 

 nichan, (8) Kapozha, (9) Magayuteshni, 

 (10) Mahpiyamaza, (11) Mahpiyawich- 



