BULL. 30] 



MEDALS 



831 



peace medals, are excluded by Betts and 

 other writers. Leroux (p. 17) figures 

 the French Oswego medal of 1758 as be- 

 longing to the peace medal series. "As 

 medals were freely distributed about 

 this time, some of them may have been 

 placed in Indian hands" (Beauchamp, 

 p. 64). 



1758. Obverse, head of king to left, nude and 

 hair flowing: legend, Ludovicus XV Orbis Im- 

 perator; in exergue, 17»S, Reverse, in field four 

 lorts; legend, Wesel, Oswego, Port Mahon; in ex- 

 ergue, Expung. Sti. Davidis Arce et Solo Equata. 

 Silver; brass; size, l^ in. 



British Medals. — The earliest medals 

 presented to American Indians by tlie 

 English colonists are those known as the 

 Pamunkey series. By Act 38, Laws of 

 Virginia, in the 14th year of King Charles 

 II, March, 1661 (see Hening's Statutes, 

 II, 185), there were caused to be made, 

 possibly in the colony, "silver and plated 

 plaques to be worn by the Indians when 

 visiting the English settlements." They 

 were plain on the reverse, in order to 

 permit the engraving of the names of the 

 chiefs of the Indian towns. 



1670. Obverse, bust of king to right; legend in 

 outer circle, Charles II, King of England, Scotland, 

 France, Ireland and Virginia; the center of the 

 shield a slightly convex disk bearing the legend, 

 the royal arms, and in one corner a tobacco plant. 

 Encircled by ribbon of the Garter, below the disk 

 in an oval surface, is the inscription: The Queen 

 of Pamaunkee; above the disk a crown. Reverse, 

 plain, with 6 rings attached for suspension. Sil- 

 ver: copper: oval; size, 4 by 6 in. 



1670. Obverse, same as last; legend. Ye King of 



. Reverse, a tobacco plant; legend, Piomock. 



Silver; copper; oval; size, 4 by 6 in. 



In a proposal made by Robert Hunter, 

 captain-general, etc., to the chief of the 

 Five Nations, at Albany, Aug. 16, 1710, 

 during the reign of Queen Anne, it is re- 

 corded: " Your brothers who have been 

 in England and have seen the great Queen 

 and her court, have no doubt informed 

 you how vain and groundless the French 

 boasting has been all along. Her Majesty 

 has sent you as pledges of her protection 

 a medal for each nation, with her royal 

 effigies on one side and the last gained 

 battle on the other. She has sent you 

 her picture, in silver, twenty to each 

 nation, to be given to the chief warriors, 

 to be worn about their necks, as a token 

 that they should always be in readiness 

 to fight under her banner against the 

 common enemy." This was probably the 

 silver medal struck in 1709 in commemo- 

 ration of the battle and capture of Tour- 

 nay by the British. 



1710. Obverse, bust of Queen Anne to left, hair 

 bound in pearls, lovelock on the right shoulder; 

 in gown, and mantle on the right shoulder, leg- 

 end, ANNA D. 6. MAG. BRl. ET HIB. REG.; 

 below, /. C. [John CrockerJ Reverse, Pallas 

 seated, to right, resting her left hand upon a 

 Gorgian shield and holding in her right hand 

 a spear, murally crowned, near her a pile of 



arms and flags, a town in the distance; legend, 

 Turnace Expurgato; in exergue, M.D.C.C.IX. 

 Gold; silver; size, li% in. 



A series of six medals was issited dur- 

 ing the reigns of George I and George II, 

 of similar design, in brass and copper; 

 sizes, 1 ^ to 1 g in. " The medals were not 

 dated, and it is known that the later 

 Georges used the same design" (Beau- 

 champ, p. 27). 



1714. Obverse, bust of king to right, laureated, 

 with flowing hair, in armor, draped; legend, 

 George King of Great Britain. Reverse, an In- 

 dian at right drawing his bow on a deer, stand- 

 ing at left on a hill, sun above, to right above 

 tree one star, to left above Indian three stars. 

 Brass; size. If in., with loop for suspension. 



1753. Obverse, bust of king to left, laureated; 

 legend, Georgius II, I). G. MAG. BRL FRA. 

 ET HIB. REX. F. D. Reverse, the royal arms, 

 within the Garter, surmounted l)vacrown and a 

 lion; upon ribbon, below, DIEU ET MON DROIT. 

 Silver, cast and chased; size, Ig in., with loop and 

 ring. 



The last was one of 30 medals brought 

 from England in 1753 by Sir Danvers 

 Osborne, governor of New York, for pre- 

 sentation to friendly Indians of the Six 

 Nations. The medals were provided with 

 broad scarlet ribbons (Hist. Mag., Sept. 

 1865, p. 85; Betts, p. 177). 



In July, 1721, the governor of Penn- 

 sylvania presented to the Seneca chief, 

 Ghosont, a gold coronation medal of 

 George I, charging him "to deliver this 

 piece into the hands of the first man or 

 greatest chief of the Five Nations, whom 

 you call Kannygoodt, to be laid up and 

 kept as a token of friendship between 

 them" (Hawkins, ii, 426). 



1721. Obverse, bust of king to right, laureated, 

 hair long, and in scale armor, lion's head on 

 breast and mantle; legend, Geonyius. I). G. MAG. 

 BRI. FR. ETHIB. REX.; on truncation, E. Han- 

 nibal, Reverse, the king seated, to right, be- 

 neath a canopy of state, is being crowned by 

 Britannia, who rests her hand upon a shield; in 

 exergue, INAUGURATU, Oct. MDCCXIIII. 



The following medal seems to have 

 been a trader's token or store card, possi- 

 bly given to the Indians to gain their 

 good will: 



1757. Obverse, a trader buving skins from an 

 Indian; legend. The Red Man Came to Elton 

 Daily. Reverse, a deer lying beneath a tree; leg- 

 end, Skins bought at Eltons; in exergue, 1757 

 (Am. Jour. Numismat., vii, 90). Copper, size, 

 If in. 



The first Indian peace medal manufac- 

 tured in America is thought to have been 

 the following. It was presented by The 

 Friendly Association for the Regaining 

 and Preserving Peace With the Indians 

 by Pacific Means, a society composed 

 largely of Quakers. The dies were en- 

 graved by Edward Duffield, a watch and 

 clock maker of Philadelphia, and the 

 medals were struck by Joseph Richard- 

 son, a member of the society. Many 

 restrikes have been issued. 



1757. Obver.se, bust of the king to right, hair long 

 and laureated; legend, Georgius II Dei Gratia. 



