BULL. 30] 



MEDALS 



835 



den (p. 95) states were Indian peace 

 medals. These are as follows: 



1796. No. 1. Obverse, ashepherdwith.staffinleft 

 hand, and a cow, two sheep, and a lamb in fore- 

 ground; in background, a hill, tree, and farm- 

 house with open door, in which two persons are 

 seen; on base, C. H. Kuchler, F.; in exergue, f'. .S'.^. 

 Reverse, legend in five parallel lines, Second 

 Presidency of George Washington MDCCXCVI, 

 within a wreath of olive branches; in bow, the 

 letter A'. Size, IJ in. 



No. 2. Obverse, interior of a room; in back- 

 ground, a woman; in foreground, a woman spin- 

 ning, at left a child guarding a cradle, on right 

 an open lireplace; on base, C. H. K. P.; in ex- 

 ergue, U. S. A. Reverse, same as No. 1. 



No. 3. Obverse, in foreground, farmer sowing: 

 in background, a farmhouse and a man plowing; 

 on base, Kuchler; in exergue, U. S. A. Reverse, 

 same as No. 1. 



No. 4. Obverse, bust of Washington in uniform, 

 to left, in a wreath of laurel; legend, In. War 

 Enemies. Reverse, bust of Franklin, to left, in 

 wreath of laurel; legend, Jtt Peace Friends. Tin; 

 size, i in. 



"Of the medals taken along and of 

 which .use was made by the explorers 

 [Lewis and Clark] there were three sizes, 

 or grades, one, the largest and preferred 

 one, ' a medal with the likeness of the 

 President of the 

 United States'; 

 the second, 'a 

 medal represent- 

 ing some domes- 

 tic animals'; the 

 third, 'medals 

 with the impres- 

 sion of a farmer 

 sowing grain'. I 

 have found in 

 'The Northwest 

 Coast,' by James 

 G. Swan, a cut of a medal of the third 

 class, but I have seen no representa- 

 tion of the second class. The third class 

 medal was made of pewter. These med- 

 als were given to chiefs only" (Wheeler, 

 Trail of Lewis and Clark, 139-140). 



The following were struck especially for 

 presentation to Indian chiefs, and had 

 their inception, Apr. 20, 1786, when Rep- 

 resentative McKean moved "that the 

 Board of the Treasury ascertain the num- 

 ber and value of the medals received by 

 the Commission appointed to treat with 

 the Indians, from the said Indians, and 

 have an equal number with the arms of 

 the United States, made in silver and re- 

 turned to the chiefs, from whom they 

 were received." The result was the final 

 adoption of a series of medals, each bear- 

 ing on the obverse the bust of a Presi- 

 dent, and on the reverse a symbol of 

 peace. This series began with the ad- 

 ministration of President Jeffers(jn. The 

 John Adams medal was made many years 

 after his administration, and though not 

 so considered at first, it is now regarded 

 as included in the series. At the time of 

 the first issue, however, a die was made 



THE JEFFERSON MEDAL 



for the obverse of the Adams medal. 

 The reverse used was that of the smaller 

 Jefferson medal; a few were struck in soft 

 metal, which are now exceedingly rare. 

 Obverse, bust of president to right, clothed, hair 

 in curls and cue; legend, Jci/m Adams, Pres. U. S. 

 A.; on truncation, Leonard. Reverse, two hands 

 clasped, on cuff of one three stripes and as many 

 buttons with displayed eagle; the other wrist has 

 a bracelet with spread-eagle; legend. Peace and 

 Friendship, and crossed caUimet and tomahawk. 



The medal of Adams now used is prac- 

 tically the same, except the arrangement 

 of the face, and the legend, John Adams, 

 President of the United tStntt's; in exergui', 

 A. D. 1797; in truncation, Fnrst. Re- 

 verse, the same as last. Bronze ; size, 2 in. 

 The Jefferson medal is as follows: 

 Obverse, bust of president to right; legend, Tli. 

 Jeffermn, President of the V. S. A. D. ISOl. Re- 

 verse, same as last. Silver and bronze; sizes, 4 

 in., 2J in., 2 in. 



The medals that followed were the same 

 in design, metal, and size, with the names 

 of the respective Presidents, until the ad- 

 ministration of Millard Fillmore, in 1850, 

 when the reverse was entirely changed, 

 as follows: 



An Indian in war 

 dress and a pioneer 

 in foreground, the 

 latter leaning on a 

 plow; to right a hill, 

 in center background 

 a river and a sailing 

 boat; tolefttwocows 

 beyond a farmhouse; 

 American flag back 

 f the figures; legend, 

 Labor, Virtue, Honor; 

 in exergue, J. Wilson, 

 F. Silver and bronze; 

 .size, .3 in. 



During the next two administrations 

 this type was retained, but in 1862, dur- 

 ing the administration of Abraham Lin- 

 coln, another change, in the reverse was 

 made: 



In field, an Indian plowing, children playing at 

 ball, a hill and a log cabin and a church; a river 

 with boats and ships in background; in an outer 

 circle, following curve of medal, an Indian scalp- 

 ing another; below, an Indian woman weeping, 

 a quiver of arrows with bow and calumet. Silver 

 and bronze; size, 2| in. 



The reverse was again changed during 

 the administration of Andrew Johnson, 

 as follows: 



Figure of America clasping the hand of an 

 Indian in war dress, before a monument sur- 

 mounted by a bust of Gedrge Washington; at feet 

 of Indian are the attributes of savage life; at feet 

 of America those of civilization. Silver and 

 bronze; size, 2f in. 



The medal issued during the adminis- 

 tration of President Grant was entirely 

 different: 



Obverse, bust of president within a wreath of 

 laurel; legend. United States of America, Liberty, 

 Justice and Equality; below. Let us have peace, a 

 calumet and a branch of laurel. Reverse, a globe 

 resting on implements of industry with the Bible 

 above and rays behind it; legend, On earth peace, 

 good will toivard men. 



