BULL. 80] 



MENESOUHATOBA MENITEGOW 



841 



MS. Baptismal records of Mission Valero, 

 partidas 564, 571, 869). See Meracoiunan. 



(h. e. b. ) 

 Uenanque. — Baptismal records cited, pallida 869. 

 Uenanquen. — Ibid., 571. Menaquen. — Ibid., .577. 

 Merguan. — Ibid., 4-18 (identical?). Herhuan, — 

 Ibid., 455 (identical?). 



Menesouhatoba. A Dakota tribe or 

 division, probably the Mdewakanton. 

 Menesouhatoba. — Paehot (1722) in Margry, D(5c., 

 VI, 518, 1886. Scioux des Lacs. — Ibid. 



Menewa ( 'great warrior' \. A half-breed 

 Creek, second chief of the Lower Creek 

 towns on Tallapoosa r. , Ala. ; born about 

 1765. He was noted for trickery and dar- 

 ing in early life, when he was known as Ho- 

 thlepoya ( ' crazy war hunter' ) and annu- 

 ally crossed the Cumberland to rob the 

 white settlers in Tennessee of their horses. 

 A murder committed in his neighborhood 

 was charged to his band, and the people 

 of Georgia burned one of their towns 

 in revenge. It was .suspected that INIac- 

 Intosh had instigated the murder for 

 the very purpose of stirring up trouble 

 between the whites and his rival. When 

 Tecumseh came to form a league against 

 the white people, Menewa, foreseeing that 

 Macintosh with American aid and support 

 would attack him in any event, readily 

 joined in the conspiracy. He began the 

 Creek war and was the war chief of his 

 people, the head chief of the tribe being a 

 medicine-man. Relying on a prophecy 

 of the latter, Menewa made a wrong dis- 

 position of his men at the battle of the 

 Horseshoe Bend, Gen. Jackson quickly 

 discerning the vulnerable point in the In- 

 dian defenses. Menewa slew the false 

 prophet with his own hand before dashing 

 at the head of his warriors from the breast- 

 works, already breached b\^ the American 

 cannon, into the midst of the Tennes- 

 seans, who were advancing to the as 

 sault. Of 900 warriors 830 were killed, 

 and all the survivors, save one, were 

 wounded. Menewa, left for dead on 

 the field, revived in the night and, 

 with other survivors, reached the hidden 

 camp in the swamps where the women 

 and children were waiting. The men on 

 their recovery made their submission in- 

 dividually. Menewa's village was de- 

 stroyed and his wealth in horses and 

 cattle, peltry, and trade good.s had dis- 

 appeared. After his wounds were healed 

 he reassumed authority over the rem- 

 nant of his band and was in later years 

 the leader of the party in the Creek 

 Nation which opposed further cession of 

 land to the whites and made resistance to 

 their encroachments. Macintosh coun- 

 seled acquiescence in the proposal to de- 

 port the whole tribe beyond the Mississip- 

 pi, and when for this he was condemned 

 as a traitor, Menewa was reluctantly per- 

 suaded to execute the death sentence. 



In 1826 he went with a delegation to 

 Washington to protest against the treaty 

 by which Macintosh and his confederates, 

 representing about one-tenth of the na- 

 tion, had at Indian Spring, Jan. 8, 1821, 

 presumed to cede to the United States the 

 fertile Creek country. He proposed, in 

 ceding the Creek country to the Govern- 

 ment for white settlement, to reserve 

 some of the land to be allotted in sever- 

 alty to such of the nation as chose 

 to remain on their native soil rather 

 than to emigrate to a strange region. 

 Through his advocacy the Government 

 was induced to parcel some of the laud 

 among the Creeks who were desirous and 

 capable of subsisting by agriculture, to be 

 held in fee simple after a probationary 

 term of five years. An arl)itrary method 

 of allotment deprived ^Menewa of his own 

 farm and, as the one that he drew was un- 

 desirable, he sold it and bought other land 

 in Alal)ama. When some of the Creeks 

 became involved in the Seminole war of 

 1836, he led his braves against the hostiles. 

 In consideration of his services he ob- 

 tained permission to remain in his native 

 land, but nevertheless was transported 

 with his people beyond the Mississippi. 



(f. H.) 



Mengakonkia. A division of the Miami, 

 living in 1682 in central Illinois with the 

 Piankashaw and others. 



Mangakekias. — Sheain Wis. Hist. Soc.Coll., Ill, 134, 

 1857. Mangakekis. — Bacqueville de la Potherie, 

 II, 261, 1753. Mangakokis. — Ibid., 335. Manga- 

 KonKia.— Jes. Rel. 1674, LVlll, 40, 1899. Megan- 

 cockia.— La Salle (1682) in Margrv, Dec, ii, 201, 

 1877. 



Menhaden. A fish of the' herring fam- 

 ily {Alosa menhaden) , known also as bony- 

 fish, mossbunker, hardhead, pauhagen, 

 etc., found in the Atlantic coast waters 

 from Maine to Maryland. The name is 

 derived from the Narraganset dialect of 

 Algonquian. Roger Williams (1643 ) calls 

 munnav'hatteang a "fish like a herring," 

 the word being really plural and signify- 

 ing, according to Trumbull (Natick Diet., 

 69,1903), 'they manure.' The reference 

 is to the Indian custom of using these fish 

 as manure for cornfields, which practice 

 the aborigines of New England transmit- 

 ted to the European colonists. Menhaden 

 is thus a corruption of the Narraganset 

 term for this fish, munnawhat, 'the ferti- 

 lizer.' See Po////. (a. p. c. ) 



Meniolagomeka. A former Delaware 

 or Munsee village on Aquanshicola cr., 

 Carbon co.. Pa. In 1754 the inhabi- 

 tants, orjiartof them, joined the ]\Ioravian 

 converts at New Gnadenhuetten in the 

 same county. (j. m. ) 



Meniolagamika. — Heckewelder in Trans. Am. 

 Philos. Soc, n. s., iv, 359, 1834. Meniolagomekah. — 

 Loskiel, Hist. Miss. United Breth., pt. 2,26,1794. 



Menitegow (i)rob. for Mtm ttgunh, 'on 

 the island in the river.' — W. J.). A 



