890 



MISSIONS 



[b. a. e. 



upon the Dhegiha (Omaha and Ponca) 

 language, published under direction of 

 the Bureau of American Ethnology, in 

 whose service he spent the last years of 

 his life. In connection with the Epis- 

 copal mission may be noted the lace- 

 making industry for Indian women insti- 

 tuted by Miss Sibyl Carter, chiefly among 

 the Chippewa. 



In 1847 the Lutherans, under the aus- 

 pices of the Evangelical Lutheran Mis- 

 sionary Society of Dresden, Germany, 

 began work among the Chippewa in 

 lower Michigan, principally in the pres- 

 ent Saginaw and Gratiot cos. The first 

 mission school was opened in that year 

 at Frankenmuth, on Cass r., by Rev. A. 

 Craemer. In 1847 he was joined by Rev. 

 Edward Baierlein, who, a year or two 

 later, established a second station at 

 Bethany, on Pine r., in Gratiot co. Here 

 Mr Baierlein compiled a small volume of 

 reading lessons and Scripture stories, pub- 

 lished in 1852. In the next year he was 

 recalled and we hear no more of the mis- 

 sion, which was probably discontinued 

 soon after. 



In 1846 the first Mormon emigrants 

 crossed the plains from Illinois and, after 

 a long and toilsome journey, settled at 

 Great Salt lake, Utah, where they have 

 since transformed the desert into a garden 

 and built up a religious commonwealth 

 which now exercises a dominant influence 

 over large portions of the Mountain states. 

 Their religious tradition regards the In- 

 dians as the descendants of the so-called 

 Lost Ten Tribes of Israel (q. v.), and 

 while no statistics are available it is 

 known that their unsalaried missionaries 

 from the first have given special attention 

 to the Indian tribes, with the result that 

 many among the Ute, Shoshoni, Paiute, 

 and others at least nominally belong to 

 that denomination. In 1905-6 their mis- 

 sionary effort was extended to the Chey- 

 enne and other tribes of Oklahoma. 



One of the most recent mission enter- 

 prises undertaken in the middle W. is 

 that of the Mennouitcs, a small but influ- 

 ential denomination of German origin, 

 professing the principles of peace and 

 nonresistance common to the Moravians 

 and the (Quakers. After a short pre- 

 liminary sojourn in 1877, regular work 

 was begun among the Arapaho at Dar- 

 lington, Okla., by Rev. Samuel D. Haury 

 in 1880, the enterprise being aided by 

 the active cooperation of the Government 

 and local Indian agent. In 1883 another 

 station was opened at Cantonment, about 

 70 m. N. w., among the Cheyenne, by Mr 

 Haury, while Rev. H. R. Voth took 

 charge of the work at Darlington and 

 continued with it until transferred to a 

 new field of duty in Arizona about 10 

 years later. Two other stations were 



afterward established among the same 

 tribes, and provision was made for the 

 industrial training of Indian boys in 

 schools and private homes in Kansas. In 

 1890 the Cantonment mission received an 

 imjMjrtant accession in the arrival of Rev. 

 Rudolph Petter and wife from Switzer- 

 land, who at once devoted themselves to 

 a systematic study of the Cheyenne lan- 

 guage in the tipi camps. The schools at 

 both principal stations were in flourish- 

 ing condition until the withdrawal of Gov- 

 ernment aid compelled their discontinu- 

 ance in 1902. The Cantonment mission 

 is still kept up, the Cheyenne work being 

 in charge of Mr Petter and his wife, as- 

 sisted by Miss Bertha Kinsinger, while 

 Rev. John A. Funk ministers to the 

 Arapaho. There is iilso a small station 

 among the Cheyenne at Hammon, in 

 charge of Rev. H. J. Kliewer, and an- 

 other among the Northern Cheyenne at 

 Busby, Mont., in charge of Rev. and Mrs 

 Gustav Linscheid since its establishment 

 in 1904. To Mr Petter we are indebted for 

 our principal knowledge of the Cheyenne 

 language, into which he has translated 

 some parts of the Bible, a number of 

 hymns, and the ' Pilgrim's Progress,' be- 

 sides being the author of a reading book 

 and an extended manuscript grammar 

 and dictionary. 



The Columbia Region. — Through the 

 influence of Catholic Caughnawaga and 

 of some of the employes of the Hudson's 

 Bay Co., many individuals among the 

 tribes of the Columbia r., particularly 

 Flatheads and Nez Perces, had adopted 

 the principles and ceremonials of the 

 Christian religion as early as 1820, lead- 

 ing later to tlie request for missionaries, 

 as already noted. The first mission of 

 the Columbia region was established in 

 1834 l)y a party under Rev. Jason Lee, for 

 the Methodists, on the e. side of the Willa- 

 mette at French Prairie, about the pres- 

 ent Oregon City, Oreg. In 1840 it was 

 removed to Chemeketa, 10 m. farther up 

 the river. Other stations were established 

 later at The Dalles of the Columbia, 

 Oreg., by Revs. Lee and Perkins, in 1838; 

 near Pt Adams, at the mouth of the 

 Columbia, Oreg., by. Rev. J. H. Frost, in 

 1841; and at Ft Ni.squally on Pugetsd., 

 Wash., by Rev. J. P. Richmond in 1842. 

 The tribes most directly concerned at the 

 four stations, respectively, were the Ka- 

 lapuya, Wasco, Clatsop, and Nisqualli, 

 all in process of swift decline. For vari- 

 ous reasons no success attended the pro- 

 ject. The children in the schools sick- 

 ened and died; one missionary after an- 

 other resigned and went home; and Lee, 

 as superintendent in charge, so far neg- 

 lected liis duties that in 1844 he was de- 

 posed and the church board, after in- 

 vestigation, ordered the discontinuance 



