BULL. 30] 



MISSIONS MISSIS A UG A 



909 



1851; Duflot de Mofras, Expl. de I'Ore- 

 gon, 1844; Dunbar, Pawnee Indians, 1880; 

 Eells, Ten Years, 1886; Engelhardt, Fran- 

 ciscans, 1897; Fletcher, Indian Education 

 and Civilization, 1888; Gookin, Christian 

 Indians, Archseologia Americana, 1836; 

 Harris, Early Missions, 1893; Harvey, 

 Shawnee Indians, 1855; Heckewelder, 

 United Brethren, 1820; Hind, Labrador, 

 1863; Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, ii, 1896; 

 Jackson (1) Alaska, 1880, (2) Facts About 

 Alaska, 1903; Jesuit Relations, Thwaites 

 ed., 1896-1901; Jones, Ojebway Inds., 

 1861; Krehbiel, Mennonites, 1898; Los- 

 kiel. United Brethren, 1794; Lossing, Mo- 

 ravian Missions, American Hist. Record, 

 1872; MacLean, Canadian Savage Folk, 

 1896; McCoy, Baptist Indian Missions, 

 1840; McDougall, George Millard McDou- 

 gall the Pioneer, 1888; Minnesota Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., I, 1872; Mooney, Myths of 

 Cherokee, 1900; Morice, Northern British 

 Columbia, 1904; Morse, Report, 1822; 

 Palfrev, New England, i, 1866; Parkman, 

 (1) Jesuhs, 1867, (2) Pioneers, 1883; Pill- 

 ing, Indian Bibliographies (Bulletins of 

 Bur. Am. Eth.), 1887-91; Pitezel, Lights 

 and Shades, 1857; Riggs, Tah-koo Wah- 

 kan, 1869; Rink, Tales and Traditions 

 of Eskimo, 1875; Ronan, Flathead Indians, 

 1890; Rverson, Hudson's Bav, 1855, 

 Shea, Catholic Missions, 1855; de Smet, 

 Oregon Missions, 1847; Steftinssonin Am. 

 Anthrop., viii,1906; Sutherland, Summer 

 in Prairie Land, 1881; Thompson, ]Mora- 

 vian Missions, 1890; Tucker, Rainbow in 

 the North, 1851; Wellcome, Metlakahtla, 

 1887; Whipple, Lights and Shadows, 1899. 



(J. M.) 



Missisauga (Chippewa: misi, 'large,' 

 sag or smik, 'outlet (of a river or bay)' = 

 'large outlet,' referring to the mouth of 

 MLssisauga r. — Hewitt). Although this 

 Algonquian tribe is a division or subtnl)e 

 of the Chippewa, having originally formed 

 an integral part of the latter, it has long 

 been generally treated as distinct. When 

 first encountered by the French, in 

 1634, the Missisauga lived about the 

 mouth of the river of the same name, 

 along the n. shore of L. Huron, and on 

 the adjacent Manitoulin id. Although so 

 closely allied to the Chippewa, they do 

 not appear to have been disposed to fol- 

 low that tribe in its progress westward, 

 as there is no evidence that they were 

 ever found in early times so far w. as 

 Sault Ste Marie, but appear to have clung 

 to their old haunts about L. Huron 

 and Georgian bay. Early m the 18th 

 century, influenced by a desire to trade 

 with the whites, they began to drift to- 

 ward the s. E. into the region formerly 

 occupied by the Hurons, between L. Hu- 

 ron and L. Erie. Although they had de- 

 stroyed a vUlage of the Iroquois near Ft 

 Frontenac about 1705, they tried in 1708 to 



gain a passage through the country of the 

 latter, to trade their peltries with the 

 English. At this time a part or band was 

 settled on L. St Clair. About 1720 the 

 French established a station at the w. 

 end of L. Ontario for the purpose of 

 stimulating trade with the Missisauga. 

 Near the close of the first half of the 

 century (1746-50), having joined the Iro- 

 quois in the war against the French, the 

 Missisauga were compelled by the latter, 

 who were aided by the Ottawa, to 

 abandon their country, a portion at 

 least settling near the Seneca e. of L. 

 Erie. Others, however, appear to have 

 remained in the vicinity of their early 

 home, as a delegate from a Missisauga 

 town "on the north side of L. Ontario" 

 came to the conference at Mt Johnson, 

 N. Y., in June, 1755. As it is also stated 

 that they "belong to the Chippewyse 

 confederacy, which chiefly dwell about 

 the L. Missilianac," it is probable that 

 "north side of L. Ontario" refers to 

 the shores of L. Huron. Being friendly 

 with the Iroquois at this time, they were 

 allowed to occupy a numl)er of places in 

 the country from which the Hurons had 

 been driven. This is inferred in part 

 from Chauvignerie's report of 1736, which 

 locates parts of the tribe at different points 

 on iNIissisauga r., Maniskoulin (jNIanitou- 

 lin?) id., L. St Clair, Kente, Toronto r., 

 Matchitaen, and the w. end of L. On- 

 tario. The land on which the Iroquois 

 are now settled at Grand r., Ontario, was 

 l)ought from them. For the purpose of 

 sealing their alHance with the Iroquois 

 they were admitted as the seventh tribe 

 of the Iroquois league in 1746, at which 

 date they were described as living in five 

 villages near Detroit. It is therefore 

 probable that those who went to live with 

 the Seneca first came to the vicinity of 

 Detroit and moved thence to w. New 

 York. The alliance with the Iroquois 

 lasted onl}' until the outbreak of the 

 French and Indian war a few years later. 

 According to Jones (Hist. Ojebways), 

 as soon as a INlissisaugadied he was laid out 

 on the ground, arrayed in his best clothes, 

 and wrapped in skins or blankets. A grave 

 about 3 ft deep was dug and the corpse 

 interred with the head toward tiie w. 

 By his side were placed his hunting and 

 war implements. Thegravewasthencov- 

 ered, and above it poles or sticks were 

 placed lengthwise to the height of about 

 2 ft, over which birch-bark or mats were 

 thrown to keep out the rain. Immedi- 

 ately after the decease of an Indian, the 

 near relatives went into mourning by 

 blackening their faces witii charcoal and 

 putting on the most ragged and filthy 

 clothing they possessed. A year was the 

 usual time of mourning for a husband, 

 wife, father or mother. 



