BULL. 30] 



MOQUATS MOQUELUMNAN FAMILY 



941 



A band of the Cheyenne, possibly of 

 mixed Ute descent. (j. m.) 



Mohk ta hwa tan in. — Grinnel!, Social Org^. Chey- 

 ennes, 136, 1905 (misprint iniortw). tXte.— Dorsey 

 in Field Columb. Mus. Pub. no. 103, 62, 190.5. 



Moqnats ( Mo^-quats). A band of Paiute 

 formerly living near Kingston mt., s. e. 

 Cal.— Powell in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1873, 51, 

 1874. 



Moquelumnan Family (adapted from 

 IMoquelumne, a corruption of the Miwok 

 Wakahunituh, the name of a river in 

 Calaveras co. , Cal. ) . A linguistic family, 

 established by Powell (7th ftep. B. A. E., 

 92, 1891 ) , consisting of three divisions, the 

 Miwok, the so-callerl Olamentke, and the 

 Northern or Lake County Mocjnekunnan. 

 The territory originally occupied was in 

 three sections, one lying between 

 Cosumnes and Fresno rs. ; another in 

 Marin, Sonoma, and Napa cos., the terri- 

 tory extending along the coast from the 

 Golden Gate to Salmon cr. , n. of Bodega 

 bay and e. as far as the vicinity of Sonoma; 

 and the third a comparatively small area 

 in the s. end of Lake co., extending from 

 Mt St Helena northward to the e. ex- 

 tremity of Clear lake (see Kroeber in 

 Am. Anthrop., viii, no. 4, 1906). The 

 Miwok division, which constituted the 

 great body of the family, was described as 

 late as 1876 as the largest Indian group of 

 California, both in population and in ex- 

 tent of territory. 



Their houses were very rude, tho.se of 

 the Miwok having been simply frame- 

 worksof poles and brush, which in winter 

 were covered with earth. In the moun- 

 tains cone-shaped summer lodges of 

 puncheons were made. Acorns, which 

 formed their principal food, were gathered 

 in large quantities when the harvest was 

 abundant and stored for winter use in 

 granaries raised above the ground. It 

 has been asserted that the Miwok ate 

 every variety of living creature indigenous 

 to their territory except the skunk. They 

 were especially fond of jackrabbits, the 

 skins of which were rudely woven into 

 robes. From lack of cedar they pur- 

 chased bows and sometimes arrows from 

 the mountain Indians, the medium of bar- 

 ter being shell money. 



With the Miwok, chiefship was hered- 

 itary when the successor was of command- 

 ing influence, but this was seldom the 

 case. As with most of the tril)es of Cali- 

 fornia, marriage among the INIiwok tri))e.s 

 was practically by purchase, but in return 

 for the presents given by the groom the 

 father of the bride gave the new coui)le 

 various substantial articles, and gifts of 

 food were often continued by the parents 

 for years after the marriage. The father, 

 in old age, was ill treated, however, l^eing 

 little else than a slave to his daughter and 

 her husband. When twins were born one 

 of the children was killed. Shamanistic 



rites were performed by both men and 

 women, and scaritication and suction were 

 the principal remedial agents. California 

 balm of gilead { Picea grandis) , and plas- 

 ters of hot ashes and moist earth were also 

 used in certain cases. Payment for treat- 

 ment was made by the patient, and in 

 case of non-recovery the life of the practi- 

 tioner was demanded. The acorn dance, 

 as well as a number of other ceremonies, 

 principally for feasting or amusement, 

 were formerly celelirated by the Miwok. 

 They had no pulierty dance, nor did they 

 hold a dance for the dead, but an annual 

 mourning and sometimes aspecial mourn- 

 ing were observed. All the possessions 

 of the dead were burned with them, their 

 names were never afterward mentioned, 

 and those who bore the same name 

 changed it for others. Formerly widows 

 generally covered their faces w'ith pitch 

 and the younger women singed their hair 

 short as signs of widowhood. Cremation 

 generally prevailed among the Miwok 

 tribes, but was never universal. 



Comparatively few of the natives of the 

 Miwok division of this stock survive, and 

 these are scattered in the mountains, so 

 that no accurate census has been taken. 

 Six individuals of the so-called Olamentke 

 division lived on Tomales bay in 1888. 



The Moquelumnan tribes or rancherias 

 that have been recognized are as follows: 



Miwok. — Awani, Chowchilla, Chumi- 

 dok, Chumtiya, Chumuch, Chumwit, 

 Hittoya, Howeches, Koni, Lopotatimni, 

 Machemni, Mokelumne, Newiehumni, 

 Nuchu, Olowit, Olowiya, Pohonichi, 

 Sakaikumne, Servushanine, Talatui, 

 Tamoleka, Tumidok, Tumun, Wala- 

 kumni, Yuloni. 



Olameiitki'. — Bolinas, Chokuyem, Gui- 

 men, Jukiusme, Likatuit, Nicassias, 

 Numpali, Olumpali, Sonomi, Tamal, Tu- 

 lares, Tumalehnias, Utchium. 



Tribes or rancherias not classified ac- 

 cording to the chief divisions are Ap- 

 angasi, Aplache, Chupumni, Cosumni, 

 Cotoplanemis, Hokokwito, Keeches, Ku- 

 maini, Lapapu, Lesamaiti, Macheto, 

 Merced, Mikechuses, Nelcelchumnee, No- 

 tomidula, Numaltachi(?), Okechumne, 

 Pahkanu, Petaluma, Potawackati, Poto- 

 yanti, Sakaya, Seantre, Siyante, Succaah, 

 Suscols, Threse, Tiposies, Wahaka, and 

 Wiskala. (h. w. h. a. l. k. ) 



=Meewoc, — Powers in Overland Month., 322, 

 Apr. 1873 (general account of family with allu- 

 sions to language); Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 

 1.59, 1877 (gives habitat and bands of family); 

 Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Miscel., -433, 1877. 

 = Mi-wok. — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.,lll, 346, 

 1877 (nearly as above). =Moquelumnan, — Powell 

 in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 92, 1891. > Moquelumne.— 

 Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 81, 1856 

 (includes Hale's Talatui, Tuolumne from School- 

 craft, Mumaltachi, Mullateco, Apangasi, La- 

 pappu, Siyante or Typoxi, Hawhaw's band of 

 Aplaches, San Rafael vocabulary, Tshokoyem 

 vocabulary, Cocouyem and Yonkiousme Pater- 

 nosters, Olamentke of Kostromitonov, Pater- 



