KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 3} 
end of the niche, however, there is an upright post incorporated in 
the wall. It is charred wherever it protrudes from the adobe plas- 
ter; but its top, 6 feet above the floor, is cut squarely off, and in the 
adobe surrounding it is the mark or cast of the end of a horizontal 
beam, 10 inches through, which must have crossed the room from 
southwest to northeast (fig. 6). Another mark above this one shows 
a smaller beam to have spanned the niche obliquely to its center. 
This evidence is slender enough, but the roofing of kivas is a point 
of considerable interest and importance. The top of the wall at 
other parts of the kiva is unfortunately so ruined that the termina- 
tion-sockets of these rafters cannot be found. 
The niche is 5} feet long, 14 feet deep, and 2 feet 7 inches above 
the floor. It is flagged with sandstone slabs, and the corners and 
angles are neatly rounded off with adobe. The burnt end of a peg 
protrudes from its back wall at the east end near the top. 
In this kiva, again, the floor was so much broken that no trace of 
a deflector or a sipapu (if they ever were present) could be found. 
The fire pit occupies its usual place, near the middle of the floor. 
The ventilator entrance is again small (10 inches high by 15 inches 
wide) ; the vertical shaft is completely destroyed. 
It should be noted that in each of these kivas the ventilator opens 
from the south side rather than directly toward the mouth of the 
cave. 
Aside from the two kivas and remnants of some wattlework walls 
there was little of architectural interest. The small rooms ranged 
about the sides of the-cave were much ruined, had lost their roofs by 
fire, and because of their small size and irregular floors appear to have 
been little more than storage places. The walls of the two chambers 
at the back were, however, heavily smoked, and in one of them were 
found parts of a large rush mat (see pl. 44, 7), much like the bed- 
mats of the modern pueblos, so that it seems probable that these 
rooms were used for sleeping. 
The principal living place of the people, then, appears to have been 
the open central and rear quarters of the cave behind the kivas. The 
cave floor runs up and back in three or four natural terraces, which 
have been emphasized by low retaining walls of brush and stone. 
On these terraces there was a thin accumulation, seldom more than 
1 foot to 18 inches deep, the débris of occupation, composed of corn 
refuse, leaves, twigs, potsherds, and worn-out utensils of various 
sorts. At the back of the cave there was found a bed of white 
wood ashes roughly 4 feet square and 4 inches to 6 inches deep; 
above it the roof was much smoked. <A double mealing bin of sand- 
stone slabs lay just behind the ashes; the metates had been removed. 
Near by was an adobe-lined pot-shaped storage hole 18 inches deep. 
