ton BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 65 
head of a large femur. As there were a number of rat holes in the 
hardpan about the cists, we believed at first that these bones had 
been brought up by rats from the pocket of cremated remains above 
Cist B; but as that pocket seems to have contained the remains of 
only one individual, and as the bit of jaw (left side and part of the 
ascending ramus) is duplicated in the fragments from the pocket, 
we reached the conclusion that the two lots were not directly related. 
Perhaps the cave was used as a crematory at a time subsequent to 
the building of the cists; if such was the case, the Cist B pocket may 
not have been synchronous with the inhumations below it. Chemical 
analysis of the ashes, to see if they contain bone residue, may throw 
light on the question. 
The method of burial observed in this cave, the natural or unde- 
formed condition of the crania, and the nature of the mortuary 
offerings, all present features foreign to the normal cliff-house cul- 
ture of the region. The only objects of cliff-house make found were 
the storage jar and the few potsherds.. The former was buried in 
the disturbed earth layer (see fig. 8), its bottom not reaching the 
hardpan; the latter all came from the upper parts of the disturbed 
earth and from the ashes, none from the disturbed earth below the 
ashes, and none from in or about the burial cists. Aside from the 
pottery, the finds in this cave agree very closely with those made in 
Grand Gulch, Utah, by the Wetherill brothers and assigned by them 
to an older culture which they named “ Basket Maker.”* The ques- 
tion of the cultural affinities of the Sayodneechee cave remains will 
be more fully discussed in Section IT. 
Ruin 3 (Frrestick House) 
Ruins 3 and 4 are situated in a short, deep canyon entering the main 
valley from the east, a little way below Ruin 1 (see fig. 1). As water 
could not be obtained in this branch, we pitched our camp by a 
Navaho sheep reservoir in another canyon a mile below. 
Ruin 3, “ Firestick House,” as we called it, has a magnificent set- 
ting. It lies in an enormous cave at the head of a small box canyon 
with walls rising absolutely sheer'to a height of 250 feet. The cave 
itself is sculptured on colossal lines; it is a great hollow in the cliffs, 
with a narrow shelf running along its rear part, some 70 feet above 
the valley bottom; on this ledge is perched the ruin (fig. 10). The 
last climb of 30 feet to the houses is perpendicular, and we accom- 
plished it only after much labor, by hauling two logs over the steep 
slopes below, lashing them together, and raising them with ropes 
until the topmost could be lodged in a crack of the ruin ledge. The 
1 See Pepper, 1902. 
