36 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
in the chambers themselves. This is perhaps to be accounted for by 
the fact that the rooms were built directly on the edge of the cliff, 
so that. a convenient dumping place was immediately at hand, and 
also because no terracing work was done. Open terraced spaces in 
cliff-houses usually seem to have been filled gradually with débris 
of occupancy rather than by deliberate grading with sand or adobe. 
The passageway and each room contained a few inches to a foot of 
rubbish, and over this a heavy layer of slough from the cave roof, 
stones from the walls, and sand blown up from the valley bottom. 
Objects found in the central and northern rooms were rather badly 
decayed as the result of a slight seepage of water from the back of 
the cave. The floor of room 1 was covered to a depth of 14 inches 
with corncobs, in all about two barrelfuls. They were all fresh, 
clean, and evidently lay just as thrown after the kernels had been 
removed. Many of them had bits of stick inserted in their butts, 
and there were a few pairs of cobs fastened together butt to butt on 
single sticks (see pl. 34, 7). The ruin received the name “ Firestick 
House” from a fire-making outfit, drill.and hearth, found tied to- 
gether as if for traveling (see pl. 50, 7). It came from the next to the 
last room at the north end. All the other objects collected were taken 
from the rubbish in the rooms and passageway, nothing being found 
in the bare back slopes of the cave." 
Rut 4 (Picrocrapyu Cave) 
A third of a mile below Firestick House there is a little group of 
rooms built against the cliff (pl. 10, a); they are partly overhung 
by a 200-foot precipice and partly sheltered from storms by a great 
shoulder of rock. For some distance on each side of them the cliff 
is covered with hundreds of pictographs: ancient ones, some painted 
in white, some pecked into the soft sandstone; and modern charcoal 
and scratched drawings of the Navaho. These were really the most 
interesting feature of Ruin 4, called by us “ Pictograph Cave.” The 
painted examples were of two styles—large, square-shouldered human 
figures with peculiar headdresses; and handprints, many hundreds 
of them, of all sizes, from those of babies up (pl. 10, 0; see also pls. 
%6, 97, and figs. 100, 101). There are single rights, single lefts, and 
pairs; the majority are in white paint, a few in red. All but a 
dozen or so stenciled ones were made by dipping the hand in liquid 
paint and slapping it against the smooth rock. The large human 
figures occupy flat places on the cave walls, and because of their 
more exposed situation are rather badly weathered. The highest of 
them are 15 feet above the present ground level, and as there is no 
1The exact locations of all specimens may be found in the Peabody Museum catalogue, 
