KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 89 
ter still farther to the east and almost against the side wall. The 
fire pit has an adobe curbing raised a few inches above the floor, and, 
as seems to be the invariable rule in all kivas, no matter how they 
may differ otherwise, it was full of tightly packed white wood 
ashes. -The sipapu is sunk through the adobe floor into the solid 
hardpan beneath, and its edges are carefully smoothed and rounded 
off with mud.t_ As was the case in the kivas of Ruin 2, no deflector 
was in position; by the southwestern side of the fire pit, however, and 
between it and the ventilator entrance, there were found many frag- 
ments of hard-baked adobe bearing the marks of twigs or reeds (see 
dotted area in fig. 14). These may have been part of the roofing, 
but as no such fragments were found elsewhere on the kiva floor it 
may be that they are bits of a deflector built of “ wattle-and-daub.” 
The floor at this spot is so much broken that it is impossible to tell 
whether or not posts to support such a contrivance had been set in it. 
No sign of the former height of the roof was afforded by smoking 
of the overhanging cave wall or by adobe marks, for the erosion by 
blown sand has effectually removed all such traces. The height of 
the room could hardly have been less than 6 feet; the walls at present 
stand 3 feet 10 inches, and as the ground throughout the cave does 
not seem to have been lowered since the abandonment of the ruin, 
this kiva appears to have been only semisubterranean.?. The cave 
wall at the rear below the ground level is much smoked; this coating 
extends down behind the rear filling-up wall of the kiva, showing 
occupancy of this part of the cave previous to the building of the 
ceremonial room. 
Thirty feet eastward from the kiva, and, like it, set against the 
cliff, there was found a grass-lined hollow 18 inches in diameter and 
1 foot deep, surrounded on three sides of a square by a wattled fence. 
This last was burned off at the old ground level, so that its former 
height could not be determined. It was suggested by Clayton 
Wetherill that this might have been a nest for setting turkey hens. 
He informs us that nests very similar to this one, sometimes con- 
taining eggshells, were found by him and his brothers in the Mesa 
Verde ruins. Although no bits of shell were recovered here, there 
were some turkey droppings and feathers in and about the inclosure; 
not more, however, than were found in the general digging through- 
out the cave. 
'Pimensions: Fire pit, diameter 1 foot 10 inches, depth 8 inches; sipapu, diameter 
6 inches, depth 4 inches. 
? We have seen a kiva in Grand Gulch, with its roof still in place, which is only about 
one-third subterranean. The upper part of its walls, where they stand clear of the 
ground, are very roughly finished, and the whole gives the appearance of a tumbled 
heap of rocks. 
