KIDDER-GUERNSHY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 58 
est, a. very neatly made lttle hexagonal affair (pl. 17), had slightly 
flaring sides 8 inches long. The adobe used to bind together the 
slabs of this latter fireplace was burned very hard and was full of 
the tiny seeds of some species of grass. 
The débris on the upper terrace was not so thick as on the lower; 
no fire pits were found in it, but it produced a perfect harvest of 
worn-out sandals, some so caked with mud that it was obvious that 
their owners, after some journey in the rain, had discarded them 
rather than attempt to clean them. Directly behind the kiva, in a bed 
of turkey droppings, were uncovered the somewhat decayed remains 
of a beautifully made cradle (see pl. 42). Near it, just under the 
layer of sheep dung, was a piece of buffalo hide, tanned with the 
hair on; as it was not covered by the ancient rubbish, it must be 
placed in the doubtful class as possibly of Navaho origin. 
The buildings on the ledge above and to one side of the main 
ruin have the appearance of a mere fortification and storage place. 
The shelf that they occupy was reached in ancient times by a row 
of foot- and hand-holes pecked in the lower cliff and by a sort of 
balustrade wall above. (See pl. 13, a, right-hand side.) The steps 
are now so sand-blown, and the rocks so shaly and rotten, that our 
entry was effected with great difficulty. Once up, we found that 
the place was a long, narrow, sloping bench, the front of which 
was walled up, partly with good solid masonry, partly with rough 
stones piled upon each other without mortar. That it was de- 
signed as a stronghold seems plain from the elaborate system of 
loopholes cut in the higher wall at the northern end. They are 
3 to 34 feet from the floor, 24 inches in diameter, and are cut through 
the wall at such angles as to command the canyon bottom, the ap- 
proach to the main ruin below, and the ascent to the upper ledge 
itself. A very neat bit of building is seen in the little storage room 
at the back of this upper tier. (See pl. 12, 6, right-hand side.) It is 
cemented against the sloping cliff like a swallow’s nest, and is as 
solid and perfect as the day it was built. It has a well-made door 
(not visible in the photograph), 20 inches high by 13 inches wide, 
with wooden lintel and stone slab overlintel as usual. Its chief pe- 
culiarity les in the method of its construction; its walls are made 
of long, thin rods of sandstone that crack naturally out of the ledge 
at this place. The average dimensions of these stone “poles” are: 
length 54 inches, width 43 inches, thickness 24 inches. They are 
laid up “log-cabin-wise,” the ends crisscrossing at the corners, and 
the chinks between filled with adobe and spalls. This is, of course, 
an exceptional bit of work, made possible by the nature of the rock 
cleavages along this particular ledge; it shows, nevertheless, the 
readiness of these prehistoric masons to turn to their advantage 
every freak of their environment. 
