KIDDER—GUERNSEY ] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 547 
tower is completely broken out, but the remaining sides show that this building 
was three stories high, composed of rooms one above another. 
Several other rooms lie concealed under fallen walls and débris. One of the 
most instructive of these is what may have been a kiva, or ceremonial room,” 
the location of its walls being indicated by stakes projecting out of the ground. 
Lower down, where the wall was better preserved, sticks or wickerwork were 
found interwoven in the uprights, the whole being plastered with adobe, a 
form of wall construction common in prehistoric ruins of Arizona.’ 
As soon as our excavations were begun in Cliff-house B we found 
that the ruins were in bad condition. A strong seepage issues from 
horizontal cracks along the back of the cave, which, judging from 
the appearance of the rocks and earth, must at times almost amount 
to a flowing spring. This has so thoroughly soaked the culture 
deposits throughout the dwelling that for the most part they have 
decayed to a black, loamy substance mixed here and there with ashes. 
The underflow has also weakened the foundations of some of the 
walls, so that a number of them, although well protected from rain, 
have fallen completely into ruin.? The whole place, too, is encum- 
bered with fragments of rock fallen from the roof of the cave since 
the building of the house. 
We cleared the front rooms at the eastern end and sunk trenches 
and test pits into the deposit at the back in a vain attempt to find 
dry rubbish. We did not dare to excavate about the base of the 
tower or in the rooms immediately adjacent to it, as their underpin- 
ning was in such a precarious condition that the tower itself might 
easily have been brought down on the workmen. (See pl. 18, 0.) 
Rooms 1 and 2 (fig. 23) contained a little rubbish, in which we 
found fragments of a black-and-white jar and two much-decayed 
wooden weaving (?) tools. Room 3, an irregular little apartment, 
had been closed in on the eastern side by a “ wattle-and-daub” 
wall, the remains of which protruded above ground. It was this 
room that Dr. Fewkes very naturally thought might be a kiva. 
The two kivas lay, however, completely buried just to the west of 
it. A handsome little black-and-white bowl with a handle, broken 
into many fragments, was found in a recess in the north corner. 
The most striking piece of masonry in the ruin is presented by 
the walls of room 9, a three-story tower well toward the front 
(pl. 18, 6). Its whole southern wall and parts of the sides have 
fallen, yet it still stands 19 feet above the present rubbish line and 
reaches to the roof of the cave. The height of the first-floor room 
from ground to roof beam holes is 7 feet; the second story 6 feet 8 
1No other rooms that could be called ceremonial were recognized in Cliff-house B, 
but the writer’s examination of the ruin was not very thorough and their existence 
may have escaped him. 
2Wewkes, op. cit., pp. 10-11. 
3 Similar conditions exist in Balcony House, Mesa Verde, where there is also a spring 
at the rear of the cave. 
