84 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
The culture represented by the finds in Cave I is, without much 
question, that of the Basket Makers, the method of burial, the 
undeformed type of skull, and the objects found in the graves, all 
being foreign to the cliff-dwelling culture, but closely similar to the 
Basket Maker remains from southeastern Utah described by Pepper. 
In all the digging in this cave there was found but a scant handful 
of potsherds, and these were all from the surface sand. The rarity 
of potsherds, the most common mark of cliff-dweller occupancy, 
would seem to indicate that the cave had been but little used by 
them. The cliff-dweller structure in the western corner was ap- 
parently never finished; this may perhaps be accounted for by the 
dangerous condition of the ceiling, or by the presence of burials of 
which the people were not aware until after they had commenced 
to build their house. 
There is at present no evidence as to when or by whom the cists 
were plundered. The Navahos’ well-known fear of the dead acquits 
them of any share in it. It might have been the work of Utes or of 
some other wandering tribe, but suspicion falls most naturally on the 
ancient cliff-dwelling people whose most extensive settlement in this 
region was situated at the mouth of Kinboko close to the cave (Ruin 
A). As has already been suggested, beads and other ornaments 
were probably the prime motive for digging. To reach these the 
heads of the bodies would first have been pulled from the cists, 
when, owing to their round shape, they would soon have rolled 
down the steep front bank and out into the canyon bottom. This 
might account for the fact that but two adult skulls were found 
(near Cist B, and on the Cist 16 “mummy”). Another possible 
explanation of the lack of skulls is that the plunderers may have 
carried away the crania for some ceremonial purpose. If the skulls 
had been merely thrown aside and had later rolled down the sloping 
front and so out of the cave, some of the jaws would probably have 
remained on the upper levels. As a matter of fact, only two jaws 
were recovered, and these lay with the two crania above mentioned. 
Cave II 
Cave II is situated in the northern wall of Kinboko, near its head, 
less than 2 miles above Cave I. Here the canyon is quite narrow 
and between 300 and 400 feet deep (pl. 30, a) ; its bottom is covered 
with thick clumps of box elder whose vigorous growth is due prob- 
ably to the underground moisture which emerges in a spring of 
good water a little lower down. The cave lies at the top of a steep 
slope of talus that reaches more than 100 feet up the canyon wall. 
Its entrance is partly hidden from below by the apex of a cone- 
shaped segment of the talus, which rises some 10 feet higher than 
