KIDDER-GUERNSEY ] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS JN ARIZONA 99 
Squash seeds, stems, and pieces of rind were uncovered at every 
site; the species, according to Prof. F. W. Waugh, of the Canadian 
Geological Survey, is probably Cucurbita maxima, or Hubbard 
squash. Bits of the rind were sometimes worked into round disks 
for use as spindle whorls. 
Gourds—A small variety, probably, according to Professor 
Waugh, Cucurbita pepo, was recovered in considerable quantities, 
particularly in Ruin 5 
Grass-seed 1s paitered and used as a grain by the modern Paiute 
and other Plateau tribes. It also apparently formed a part of the 
food of the Cliff-dwellers. In Ruin 1 was found a mass of grass 
seed (A-1150) which had been stored in a corrugated jar. Cum- 
mings reports from Sagiotsosi caches of the seed of a “ coarse bunch 
grass” and a “ finer grass seed.” ? 
ANIMAL 
While it is probable that the principal diet of the people was 
vegetable, the number of mammal and turkey bones found in the 
ruins show that animal food was much used. 
Domesticated turkeys were seen by the Spaniards at the Pueblo 
towns in 1540, and they seem to have been kept by the ancient people 
of northern Arizona as well. Quantities of feathers, bones, and 
droppings were present in all the ruins that we excavated, and we 
also saw, in Ruins 4 and 7, constructions which might have been 
used as brooding places (pp. 89 and 52). Turkey feathers for mak- 
ing feather cloth were undoubtedly of as great importance as was 
the flesh; Castaneda, indeed, states that turkeys were not eaten at 
Cibola. 
Game.—F rom our excavations came bones of the following ani- 
mals, most of which were probably used for food :# 
Mule deer (Odocotleus hemionus). 
Mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis). 
Pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana). 
Coyote (Canis estor). 
Large dog or wolf (Canis sp.). 
Western fox (Vulpes macrourus). 
Texan jackrabbit (Lepus californicus texianus). 
Warren’s cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni warrent). 
Woodchuck (Marmota sp.). 
Pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.). 
Arizona bushy-tailed woodrat (Nestoma cinera arizone). 
1Cummings, 1910, p. 14. 
? Castaneda, see Winship, 1896, pp. 491, 521. 
*We are indebted to Dr. Glover M. Allen, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
Harvard University, for the specific identifications, 
