KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 108 
extra wearing qualities to the sole, and also, perhaps, the ridges of 
the pattern helped to provide the foot with a better grip on smooth 
rocks. 
Type I, 6 (pl. 38). Wickerwork of whole leaves woven over two - 
heavy yucca-leaf warp-strands tied together at either end. The 
- eross-woven elements, or weft-strands, are started on the upper sur- 
face of the sandal, where the small end is left; the strands pass 
under one warp, back over it, and under the other (fig. 37). They 
are then cut off, leaving the larger ends on the sole of the sandal, 
where they are shredded out to form a cushion-like pad of fiber (pl. 
38, ¢). Im some cases the weft-strands are woven back and forth 
several times, but the small ends are always left on top and the large 
ends always carried through to the bottom and shredded. This 
type of sandal is of a long, oval form and is never shaped for right 
or left foot, neither is there any difference between heel and toe 
other than ae presence of the added 
heel and toe attachments. Mason 
figures? a sandal analogous to these, 
but it is woven, according to the de- 
scription, over four warps and the 
shredded butts are left on the upper 
surface. In our collection there are a 
few examples similarly made over four 
warps; the ends, however, as in all the 
two-warp specimens, are brought out 
on the bottom. Fic. 37.—Weave of wickerwork 
Type II, a (pl. 39, a). Wicker- sandal, Type I, b. 
work of cords over a four or six 
strand warp made by looping either two or three cords, the open ends 
of the loops being at the heel, the closed ends forming the toe. The 
warps are of heavy, well-twisted two-strand yucca cord; the weft is 
of very much heavier and more loosely twisted cord, also of yucca. 
It is laced back and forth over and under the warp elements and 
crowded together so tightly that the resultant sandal is a strong, 
heavy fabric three-eighths to one-half inch thick; it is considerably 
more flexible, however, than the whole-leaf sandal and must have 
had far greater wearing qualities. The specimens are neatly made in 
rights and lefts and shaped to conform to the outline of the foot; 
the toe is brought to a rather sharp point, the heel is sometimes 
square, sometimes rounded. The ends of the warps are occasionally 
used to form the heel attachment loop. 
Type II, 6 (pl. 39, 6, c). Twined weaving of twisted (apocynum?) 
fiber over a many-stranded warp of yucca strings. The soles have a 
raised pattern. The warps in the example dissected (no cat. number, 
_ 1Mason, 1897, p. 678, fig. 4. 
