124 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
OpsEcts OF STONE 
Manos and metates.—Metates were not found in any of the houses, 
although metate bins, made by setting stone slabs edgewise in the 
earth, were observed in Ruins 2 and 3. A broken specimen was 
picked up in an empty cave near Ruin 4, and a small metate accom- 
panied skeleton 5 in the Camp Cormetare at Marsh Pass. The latter 
is a thin slab of hard sandstone, somewhat hollowed by use on the 
upper side. The dearth of metates is probably to be accounted for 
by the rarity in the region of rocks, such as lavas and indurated 
sandstones, suitable for their manufacture. Hence the people, when 
moving, probably were induced to go to the trouble of carry ing their 
heavy eee apparatus with them. 
Manos were hardly more’ common. With the above-mentioned 
mortuary metate was a small, oval, conglomerate mano (A-1747) ; 
and from the rubbish of Ruin 7 were recovered two more normally 
shaped specimens of crystalline limestone 94 inches long, 3 inches to 
4 inches wide, and wedge-like in cross-section; one of these (A—1543) 
shows traces of red paint, the other (A—1544) of blue, as if they had 
been used as convenient surfaces for grinding pigments. 
Mortar.—A crude example of mortar (A-1782) was picked up on 
the surface of the little ruins above the “ Pottery Hill” cemetery in 
Marsh Pass. It is made from a small conglomerate bowlder. The 
bottom of the stone has been pecked away to provide a flat base, and 
a cup-shaped depression some 6 inches in diameter and 2 inches deep 
worked into the top. Mortars such as this are not common in any 
part of the Southwest, and true pestles are, so far as we know, not 
found at all north of the Casas Grandes district of northern oes 
huahua. 
Hammerstones.—These implements are usually rough, battered 
nodules of quartz or other tough rock. They vary in size from 14 
inches to 34 inches in diameter, the example shown (pl. 51, 7) being 
a rather small one. Example & of the same plate is an elongate 
hammerstone of red jasper, the only one of its kind found. 
Rubbing stones——Rubbing stones are usually small, flat river 
bowlders, such as occur in enormous quantities along the San Juan; 
sometimes reduced to convenient size by Spa about the edges, 
but more often used without modification (pl. 52, af). They are 
round or oval, average 3 inches in diameter by 1 to 14 inches thick, 
and frequently show signs of long service. One specimen (pl. 52, e) 
has a round, shallow, pecked pit on the upper surface. Another 
(pl. 52, 7) is loaf-shaped, 44 inches-long, 24 inches wide, and 24 
inches thick; the top is rounded, the bottom or rubbing surface flat, 
and in the two long sides are depressions to fit the fingers of the 
user. This tool accommodates itself very nicely to the hand; some- 
