KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA 125 
thing of the kind must, we imagine, have been employed to rub 
down to an even surface the faces of the building stones in such 
walls as those of Ruin A, Marsh Pass. 
Small, highly polished pebbles, of the sort commonly found in 
all parts of the Southwest and generally identified as pot smoothers, 
were not recovered by us; this, however, is probably of no signifi- 
cance, for the local pottery gives clear evidence of its treatment 
with the rubber. 
Tool grinder (?).—On. the surface in Marsh Pass there was picked 
up a rough piece of soft sandstone (pl. 51, 7), in one edge of which 
there were cut two deep grooves, produced perhaps during the 
process of rubbing down and shaping on it bone or wooden imple- 
ments. 
Pot covers.—Pottery vessels were often found with their orifices 
closed by rough, flat slabs of sandstone broken off about the edges to 
bring them to convenient size. The only carefully made pot cover 
(pl. 51, 2) is 54 inches in diameter and one-fourth inch thick. It 
is apparently a natural slab, the edges worked down by chipping. 
Loom weights (?).—In the kiva of Ruin 9 were discovered two 
contrivances which are believed to have been weights connected in 
some way with the process of weaving. One (A-1647) is a piece 
of burned adobe from an old roof, the other (pl. 51, 7) a small 
fragment of sandstone; the former has a string tied about it as a 
means of suspension, the other is notched on the four sides to hold 
a similar hgature of yucca strips. 
Grooved axes and mauls.—The axes in the collection are of surpris- 
ingly poor workmanship; this however, is apparently not accidental, 
but is merely a further demonstration of the seeming lack of good 
grooved axes throughout the northeastern part of the Southwest. 
The axes of the Grand Gulch and Montezuma Creek regions, Mesa 
Verde, Chaco Canyon, and Canyon de Chelly are all, so far as we 
know, of about the same irregular shape and careless finish as our 
specimens (pl. 52, <-/). Nowhere in the districts mentioned has 
yet been found anything even remotely approaching in quality the 
beautiful spirally grooved axes of the Rio Grande,’ or the black, 
straight-backed ones of the Lower Gila.2 Of the specimens here 
figured, one (pl. 52, 7) has a plain groove, while the other two 
(pl. 52,2, %) are provided with shallow grooves over the butts. 
The two mauls (pl. 52, g, 4) are of sandstone; they are not 
edged, show the effects of battering, and were probably used in break- 
ing out and trimming up blocks of stone for masonry. 
Celts—Plate 52, 7 (No. 88333, Grand Gulch, pl. 52, m, introduced 
for comparison) is our only specimen of a type of celt which is com- 
1See Putnam, 1879, pls. xvii, xviii. 
2See Fewkes, 1912, pls. 52-56. 
