KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA. 159 
Type III, a—Cross-woven cord sandals with plain soles (pl. 68, a). 
These specimens are square heeled and square toed. They have ten 
or, more commonly, twelve warps consisting of stout, two-stranded 
yucca-fiber cord. The weft is thin one-strand cord, also of yucca, 
and the body is of the same simple cross weave used in the foregoing 
type, except that on reaching the outer warp on either edge the weft 
is wrapped twice about it before being started back across the sandal. 
This double wrap at the edges is also seen in the fine-cord Cliff-house 
sandal (Type II, b; fig. 38) ; but in that case the weaving is of the 
twined variety. The warps of the present type are looped at the toe, 
where they are held in place by three rows of twined weaving. Un- 
der these are caught short bunches of fiber that protrude in front to 
form a toe fringe; in other cases the fiber is wound round and round | 
between the warps and behind the twining strands so as to produce 
a sort of bolster across the toe (pl. 68, a). At the heel the warps are 
knotted together and the ends are tucked back, probably with the aid 
of an awl, into the fabric. This knotting provides, across the heel, 
a strong, heavy ridge well fitted to resist the particularly severe wear 
to which that part of a sandal is subjected. 
Type IIT, b—Cord sandals with reinforced soles (pl.68,b-d). All 
the specimens of this group have square toes, fringed with bunches 
of fiber or of deerskin strips; the heels are also square. The yucca- 
cord warps, twelve to thirty in number, depending on the size and 
fineness of the sandal, are laid out parallel, looped at the toe, and 
there held in place by twined cross strands, as in the preceding class. 
The weft is sometimes of yucca, sometimes of a softer fiber 
(apocynum?), more rarely of human hair; in some of. the coarser 
examples it is run in by simple over-and-under cross weaving; more 
commonly it is twined. The most characteristic feature is the extra 
layer of knots or folds which forms a reinforcement for the soles. 
It will be remembered that the fine-cord Cliff-dweller sandals (Type 
II, b) were reinforced on the bottom with series of knots tied in the 
wefts. The reinforcement of these Basket Maker specimens, on the 
other hand, is produced by means of extra strands extending the 
length of the sandals. One or more such strands accompany each 
warp, are turned about it for attachment at every two or three weft 
intervals, and are knotted, twisted, or twined about each other as they 
emerge on the underside (from their periodical warp attachments), 
there to form a sort of “pile” (pl. 68, c). In the most elaborate 
specimens the extra strands are held by secondary warps and them- 
selves hold what might be called secondary wefts. Lack of specimens 
suitable for the necessary dissections has prevented us from making 
at this time an analysis of these exceedingly complicated weaves. 
The superficial appearance of the type is shown by the photographs. 
Points that should be noticed in comparing it to the jog-toe and 
