160 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
scallop-toe (Cliff-house and Slab-house (?) types, respectively), are: 
square toe with fringe; side bindings, often in red; reinforcement 
covering the whole sole instead of being in the form of knots ar- 
ranged in patterns and covering only part of the sole. Further study 
will undoubtedly serve to subdivide the type into several subgroups. 
In concluding this brief description of the textile sandals of the 
Basket Makers, it may be noted that the plaited over-two-under-two 
weave in yucca leaves, in which three-quarters of all Cliff-dwelling 
sandals are made, is not represented at all in our Basket Maker 
collection. 
Type 1V.—Hide sandals. These are much iess common than tex- 
tile ones. They consist of pieces of rawhide cut to conform roughly 
to the sole of the foot. One fragmentary specimen (A—2356, Cave I) 
is made of two thicknesses of mountain-sheep skin with the hair 
on, sewed together around the edges with a narrow leather thong. 
The holes which hold the toe loop can be made out, and part of a 
human hair heel loop is still in place. 
SANDAL TIES 
The method of attachment of sandals seems to have been simpler 
than among the Cliff-dwellers, for in our collection we have no exam- 
ples of the side-loop tie (see pl. 41, @), or of the crisscross tie (pl. 
41, ¢). The only hitch represented (pl. 69, a, 6) is the regular 
heel-and-toe-loop variety with a long tie string. The example which 
we figure is apparently typical; in it the heel loop consists of a two- 
strand cord of human hair, carried back and forth across the heel 
of the sandal ten times; the toe loop is made up of two pairs of some- 
what larger and more loosely twisted hair cords. Both are perma- 
nently fastened to the sandal. The second and third toes are in- 
serted in the toe loop, and the heel loop is pulled up over the back 
of the foot. The tie string (a small two-strand hair cord about 30 
inches long) is tied at one end to the top of the toe loop. It is 
then brought back and around the heel loop on the outside of the 
foot, carried over the instep and around the heel loop on the opposite 
side of the foot; it is then brought back again, caught around the 
original stretch from toe loop to heel loop, and pulled tight. The 
remaining length of cord is looped back and forth four times between 
the toe loop and the instep crossing; finally, the end is wrapped once 
about these loops near the toe loop and is made fast by a single hitch. 
A rather constant feature, which seems to differentiate Basket 
Maker from Cliff-dwelling sandals, is the use of heel and toe 
loops of multiple strands (pls. 68, d; 69, a). These loops are also 
very commonly made of human-hair string. The tie cords again 
are often made of human hair, a feature not noted in the Cliff- 
dwellings. 
