KIDDER-GUERNSEY] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA ial 
Makers. <A fragment of twilled work was taken from Cist 9, Cave I, 
but it was so badly decayed that it was impossible to tell whether the 
material was tule or yucca; the object, therefore, might be either 
a twilled basket or a mat. It is safe to state, however, as we did in the 
discussion of ring baskets, that rush matting was infinitely less 
common among the Basket Makers than it was among the Cliff- 
dwellers. 
Twistep Corps AND THREADS 
Cotton.—No trace of cotton was found by us in the Basket Maker 
caves. Pepper‘ states positively, however, that an atlatl in the 
Hazard collection bears a wrapping of cotton yarn. Furthermore, 
he figures” a small coiled basket closed with a piece of cotton cloth; 
this specimen, like several others in the American Museum collection 
from Grand Gulch which have already been referred to in this paper, 
must be regarded as doubtful Basket Maker material until the 
original field catalogues can be carefully examined. 
Yucca and apocynum (?).—Strings of these fibers do not differ in 
any way from those of the Cliff-dwellers; great quantities of both 
were made, particularly of apocynum (?), the material employed in 
the manufacture of the fine twined bags so characteristic of the 
Basket Maker culture. Our only notable specimen is a coil of stout 
vucca-fiber cord or thin rope taken from Cist 7, Cave IT (pl. 75, e). 
It is a two-strand clockwise twist one-fourth inch in diameter; the 
total length is about 70 feet. 
Human hair—Very characteristic of this culture seems to be the 
extensive use of human hair for all sorts of strings. The examples 
run from single-strand twists not more than one thirty-second inch 
in diameter to 40 and 50 strand cord nearly one-half inch thick. 
The commonest style is a tight twine’ made by twisting together 
four to six 2-strand strings, the whole being from three thirty-seconds 
to five thirty-seconds inch in diameter. Several bundles of hair, cut 
into short lengths and tied up ready for use, were found in Cave I; 
one very interesting specimen (A-2304, Cist 4) consists of an un- 
finished string, partly twisted and running off at one end into a 
bunch of loose hair; it is wrapped up in a neat bundle and tied with 
a yucca strip. 
The following are some of the uses to which hair string was put: 
Sandal toe and heel loops; sandal tie strings; as secondary warps 
in sandal weaving; woven into narrow bands; as tie strings in hair- 
dressing; as a single ornamental element in yucca straps; as loops 
for carrying baskets; as netted haircloth; as ornamental cradle lash- 
ings; as a waistband to hold a breechcloth. 
11905, p. 113. 21902, p..23, and text, p. 25. 
