202 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
Further differences between Kayenta ruins and those of other 
groups will undoubtedly be brought out by close studies of the 
architecture and of the minor arts. 
Having established, to our own satisfaction at least, that the 
Kayenta type is a real one, we must consider its range and its place 
in the general archeological scheme. For this we are at present 
almost wholly dependent on the evidence afforded by pottery. 
The Canyon de Chelly and its tributary Del Muerto produce, if the 
many collections said to have come from them are correctly labeled, 
a certain percentage of Kayenta ware, and we found a good deal of 
it at Nockito in the lower Chinlee. This is so far our eastern and 
southeastern limit for seemingly home-made pieces. Vessels of Kay- 
enta type are fairly common in the cliff-houses of Grand Gulch and 
White Canyon to the northeast. What the wares to the north and 
west, in the Navaho mountain country, may be, we do not know; 
nor have we as yet any knowledge of the pottery of the numerous 
large ruins of Nitsi Canyon. In the southwest the type seems to 
crop out in the vicinity of the Hopi towns and at certain sites on the 
Little Colorado.t. Dr. Fewkes states? that the pottery of the Black 
Falls pueblos is similar to that of Marsh Pass, but as to this opinion 
we cannot pass judgment, no pieces from those sites having been 
figured. 
We have found small sherds of Kayenta polychrome ware without 
white edgings at the following places: Pueblo Bonito and Hungo 
Pavie in Chaco Canyon; Cliff Palace in the Mesa Verde; Alkali 
Ridge in the Montezuma Creek drainage. At none of these sites was 
there noticed white-edged polychrome or “heavy” designed black- 
and-white. As these two styles are considered by us to belong to the 
later stage of the Kayenta culture, we infer that the earlier Kayenta 
ruins were roughly contemporaneous with the Mesa Verde and Chaco 
Canyon periods. This supposition is still further borne out by the 
finding in Ruin 7 of a typical Mesa Verde bow] sherd. 
Going rather farther afield, a certain distant resemblance may be 
pointed out between nan wares and the polychr ome pottery of 
the lower Gila (Casa Grande, etc.). This is seen in the use of the 
current offset toothed decoration (fig. 58), the stepped line, and the 
prevalence of white edgings. Such comparisons as this are, how- 
ever, rather unprofitable in the present stage of our investigation. 
Turning to the kivas, we find that those examined by us are all 
round and subterranean, all possess the ventilator and fire pit, prob- 
ably all had the deflector and perhaps all had sipapus, though sev- 
eral of them were in so ruinous a condition that the latter features 
could not surely be identified. Although some had recesses (pre- 
1 Consult plates in Fewkes, 1898 and 1904. 
ile bile rays alle 
