206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 65 
CLIFF DWELLER BASKET MAKER 
PIPES 
Long and slim. | Short and squat. 
POTTERY 
Very abundant. | Rare, perhaps even absent. 
A few elements of the Basket Maker culture may be somewhat 
more fully discussed. 
Hovuses 
Our information on this important subject is still very meager. 
The Sayodneechee cave was a burial place pure and simple, con- 
taining no sign of occupancy as a dwelling other than a large ash 
bed, which, as was stated in the description, may perhaps be the 
product of crematory fires. In the case of Cave I, Kinboko, we 
found a great number of small, stone-lined cists. All these, however, 
had been so pulled about and ransacked by their ancient despoilers 
that we were unable to determine positively whether they had all 
been used for burial or whether they were originally made for 
shelters, storage, etc., and used secondarily for sepulchers as occa- 
sion required. It should be remembered, in this connection, that such 
close proximity to the dead was not repugnant to the Pueblo people; 
we have instances without number of burial in the rooms, under 
the floors, and in the courts of buildings which we know to have 
been inhabited after the interments were made. In Cave I there was 
some but not a great deal of rubbish of Basket Maker occupancy. 
The second Kinboko cave was without much doubt domiciliary, 
for it contained a considerable amount of ash and other débris; fur- 
thermore, no burials were found in it with the exception of parts 
of the skeleton of a very young baby. 
The structures in these caves are of three kinds: (1) The large, 
shallow oval pit with nests of grass disposed about its edge (Cave IT). 
(2) Small cists made by lining the sides of holes in the loose sand 
with stone slabs (Caves I and II). (8) Jar-shaped excavations in 
hardpan with little or no reinforcement (Sayodneechee). 
As to the purpose of these constructions, the most natural sup- 
position is that the large oval pit was used as a sleeping place, the 
grass nests serving as beds. The stone-lined cists are more puzzling; 
their small size excludes them from consideration as regular dwell- 
ings, though if the people did not object to lying curled up in a 
rather squirrel-like position they might have been utilized as sleeping 
places. In some cases they served as graves. Jar-shaped cists ex- 
cavated in hardpan contained only burials at Sayodneechee. Simi- 
lar cists, though smaller, were described to us by Clayton and John 
Wetherill as having been used in the Grand Gulch region, primarily 
