KIDDER-GUERNSEY ] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA OTT 
lationships; it is not necessary to postulate migrations, nor is there 
any good reason for supposing that the Basket Maker remains as 
we find them are not those of an early, generally diffused, and basic- 
ally indigenous Plateau culture that was just beginning to be in- 
fluenced by the use of a cereal, but that had not yet developed the 
permanent, well-built houses and high ceramic art that are usually 
the concomitants of an agricultural life in an arid environment. 
These various questions cannot be in any way decided until we 
have a great deal more information as to range, culture, and soma- 
tology. 
Rance 
The Basket Maker culture is found in Grand Gulch (the type 
locality), Comb Wash, Cottonwood, Butler, and White Canyons—all 
tributaries of the San Juan or the Colorado in southeastern Utah. 
To the south of the San Juan we have found it in the Monuments 
and in Marsh Pass, and there can be little doubt that it occurs also 
in Sagiotsosi. Here definite knowledge ceases.1_ Pepper believes, on 
the evidence of an atlat] reported to have been found in Canyon de 
Chelly, that the culture extended to that region, and there is no good 
reason that it should not have done so. One of the authors saw in 
Bluff, Utah, a “mummy” and some Basket Maker sandals which 
were said to have been found by a Navaho in the lower Chinlee some- 
where near Nockito. 
The Chinlee enters the San Juan almost directly opposite the 
typical Basket’ Maker canyons—Butler Wash and Cottonwood 
Wash—and not far above Grand Gulch itself; Canyon de Chelly is 
a tributary of the Chinlee. Thus the Basket Maker culture has been 
found, or suspected, over a single continuous and rather restricted 
area. Its relation to the Cliff-house—Pueblo culture can hardly be 
understood until we know whether this restriction is real or whether 
the culture was actually much more widely distributed. As was 
pointed out in the paragraph on the house type, Basket Maker re- 
mains are probably not easily identifiable in open sites, but there is 
still a vast amount of cave country from which they have not been 
reported, but where they would be easily recognized if present. 
Such districts are the McElmo and Mesa Verde, the canyons to the 
north of the Colorado in arid Utah; the Rio Verde, Walnut Creek, 
and the upper Gila and Salt. In the latter locality, at Tulerosa 
Cave, we find some traits of culture suggestive of the Basket Maker.’ 
The caves of Coahuila produce spear throwers analogous to those 
from Arizona and Utah, and many other specimens show a sort of 
1It will probably, however, be discovered in Sagi Canyon and perhaps also in Nitsi to 
the west, these valleys being close to Marsh Pass. 
?See Hough, 1914, plates and figures. The more striking resemblances were pointed 
out in the footnotes to the section on Material Culture, 
