132 THE WOLVES. 
Tartary have different manners, probably from ne- 
cessity, not choice. 
It is said that the burrows of wolves are originally 
the work of other species, such as bears, badgers, 
wolverenes, jackals, and foxes. ‘They only fit them 
for their own use; and when they burrow, it is 
always in communities, so that not even bears can 
dislodge them. In France and Southern Germany, 
they now retreat under fallen trees, in the hollows 
under large and old roots, in caves, clefts of rocks, 
or overhanging banks, but always in the most 
secluded and dense covers. We have seen a wolf’s 
den in a hollow tree, accessible between some high 
roots. 
In well inhabited countries, where wolves are an 
object of constant persecution, they never quit cover 
to windward ; they trot along its edges until the 
wind of the open country comes toward them, and 
they can be assured by their scent that no suspicious 
object is in that quarter; then they advance, snuff- 
ing the coming vapours, and keep as much as pos- 
sible along hedges and brushwood to avoid detection, 
pushing forward in a single foray to the distance of 
many miles. If there be several, they keep in file, 
and step so nearly in each other's track, that in soft 
ground it would seem that only one had passed. 
They bound across narrow roads without leaving a 
foot print, or follow them on the outside. These 
movements are seldom begun before dusk or pro- 
tracted beyond daybreak. If single, the wolf will 
visit outhouses, enter the farm-yard, first stopping, 
