208 THE JACKALS. 
prophets. Though it is thus overlooked, or con- 
founded with the Deeb (the wolf) in the Hebrew 
and ancient Arabic, and in the modern dialects of 
these tongues, the pracrits of India, and other 
languages frem Morocco to the Burhampootra, 
there are at least forty names applicable to it.* 
The religious and military conquests of the Arabs 
have carried these animals into European Turkey, 
and to the north, in Asia, among the steppes of 
Southern Russia and the wilds of Tartary: similar 
movements may have extended it westwards, for 
Jackals are found in some islands of the Adriatic, 
Greece, Moroeco, Nigritia, and southwar in Abys- 
sinia and Caffraria. But whether the common 
Jackal of Java, and the races of Borneo and 
Sumatra, are of the same species as the continental, 
* The following list may serve as a sample of these names, 
and the meaning several convey of King or chief bawler— 
Chakal, Tschakkal, Chatal, in Barbary ; Chikal, in Turkish ; 
Schekal, in Pers. ; Tschagal, in Kerguise ; Tschober, in Kal- 
muc ; Tschubbolka, in Tartaric. Waoui, or Wairi ; ben awi 
and alsoboo of the Bedouins denoting howler, children of howl- 
ing ; Phial of Indostan, imitative of its ery. Phinkar, Hindos- 
tanee, the warner. Jaqueparil, in Bengal, or howler-dog. 
Alshali, Adeditach, Akabo, Alkabo, Alzaba, Aziba, Karabo, 
Syrian, and other dialectical variations, in which, however, the 
Thous is intermixed. Quoilah in Bombay ; Nari in Malabar ; 
Gola in Indee ; Kadlu Nari in Tamuli. We omit the numer- 
ous Arabic epithets with the prefix abu, such as Abu Zoboo, 
&e. If the word p*7 4x, ochkim, or aehim, in Isaiah, xiii. 21, 
could be taken as a mutation of anim, D7 7X, it might indicate 
the Jackal, but Bochart and Ehrenberg evidently strain the 
argument. ‘ 
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