30 



BIBLIOGKArHY OF THE 



Franchere (Tt.) — Continued. 



Copies sren : British Museum, Congress, 

 Georgetown. Mallet, Pilling, Trumbull. 



Gabriel Frauchere was born on Kovember 3, 

 1786, in Montreal, where his father had estab- 

 lished himself as a merchant. His early life 

 appears to have been spent at school and 

 behind his father's counter. 



In the spring of 1810 Franchere sought 

 employment in the Pacific Fur Company, and 

 on May 24 he signed articles of engagement 

 ■with one of the company's partners. By this 

 agreement he bound liiinself to the service of 

 the company, as a clerk, for five years. In July 

 he left home, with a number of hi.s young com- 

 patriots, in canoes for Xew York. 



The Pacific Fur Company was equipping 

 two expeditions for the Columbia country — 

 one overland, from St. Louis, and the other by 

 sea, around Cape Horn, and Franchere was 

 as.signed to the party going by sea. September, 

 1810, the ship ToiKniin. -Tonathan Thorn, lieu- 

 tenant TJ. S. Navy, ipa.ster, set sail for the Pacific 

 coast. On April 12 the party were landed on 

 the south side of the Columbia, ten miles from 

 its mouth, and the company's principal port, 

 called Astoria, was founded. 



Franchere exhibited a wonderful talent for 

 acquiring the Indian languages of the country, 

 and otherwise made himself so useful that he 

 was retained at headriuarters most of the 

 time, although hemade a uumberof excursions 

 up the Columbia, the Cowlitz, and the "Willa- 

 mette. 



Afterthedisbandmentof the PaciflcFurCom- 

 pany he eutereil temporarily into the service of 

 the IN'orthwest Company; but, although bril- 



Franchfere (G. ) — Continued. 



liant oifers were made to him, as soon as oppor- 

 tunity olTered he determined to return to 

 Montreal by the Canadian overland route up the 

 Columbia, across the Rocky Mountains through 

 the Athabasca Pass, down the Athabasca, 

 across the marshes, down the Saskatchewan, 

 across Lake Winnipeg, up "Winnipeg and 

 Rainy rivers, down the Kaministiqua, across 

 Lakes Superior and Huron, up the French 

 River, across the height of lands at Lake Xix)is- 

 sing, down the Mattawan, and finally down the 

 Ottawa to the St. Lawrence, a distance of five 

 thousand miles, traveled in canoes and on foot. 

 He appeared under the paternal roof on the 

 evening of September 1, ISll, greatly to the 

 surprise of his family, who had received no 

 intelligence of him since he had left New York, 

 four years previously, and who mourned him 

 as dead, since they imagined he had perished 

 in the ill-fated Touquin, off the coast of Kew 

 Caledonia. 



Franchere removed to Sault Ste. Marie with 

 his young family in 1834 and engaged in the 

 fur trade. Later be became a partner in the 

 noted commercial house of P. Choteau, Son &. 

 Co., of St. Louis, and later still he established 

 himself in New York City as the senior partner 

 in the firm of G. Franchere & Co. 



He died at the residence of his son-in-law, 

 Hon. John S. Prince, mayor of St. Paul, Minn., 

 at the age of seventy years, the last survivor 

 of the celebrated Astor expeditions. — Mallet, in 

 Catholic Annual, 18S7. 



Frost (J. 



(J.H.) 



H.) See Lee (D,) and Frost 



G. 



Gairdner {Dr. —). Notes on the Geog- 

 raphy of the Columbia Elver. By the 

 late Dr. Gairdner. 



In Royal Geog. Soc. Jour. vol. 11, pp. 250-257, 

 London. 1841, 8^. (Congress.) 



Notes on the Indian tribes of the upper and 

 lower Columbia, pp. 255-256, contains a list of 

 the peoples of that locality, with their habitat, 

 among them the divisions of the Chinook. 



Gallatin (Albert). A synopsis of the In- 

 dian tribes within the United States 

 east of the Rocky Mountains and in 

 the British and Ru.ssian possessions in 

 North America. By the Hon. Albert 

 Gallatin. 



In American Antiquarian Soc. Trans. 

 (Archfeologia Americana), vol. 2, pp. l-422,Cam- 

 bridge, 1836,8^. 



A vocabulary of 33 words, and the numerals 

 1-12, 20, in Chinook (mouth of the Columbia). 

 p. 379. 



Gallatin (A.) — Continued. 

 Hale's Indians of North-west Amer- 

 ica, and vocabularies of North America ; 

 with an introduction. By Albert Gal- 

 latin. 



In American Ethnological Soc. Trans, vol. 2, 

 pp. xxiii-clxxxviii, 1-13U, New York, 1848, 8^. 



General account of the Tsinuk, or Chinooks, 

 pp. 15-17. — The Tshiuuk family (pp. 56-58) 

 includes pronunciation, p. 56; personal pronouns 

 of the Watlala, p. 5G; possessive pronouns, 

 p. 57 ; partial conjugation of the verb to be coli, 

 p. 57 ; transitive infiections. p. 58 ; i)hiralization 

 of nouns in the Waiwaikum. p. 58. — The "Jar- 

 gon "or trade language of Oregon (pp. 62-70) 

 includes a general account of the language, pp. 

 62-64; Jargon words (41) derived from the 

 English, p. 64 ; derived from the French (33), p. 

 65; formed by onomatoijoeia (12), p. 65; alpha- 

 betical English meaning of the words of the 

 J argon (165) , p.66 ; grammatic treatise, i)p. 66-70. 



"All the words th^K^ brought together and 

 combined in this singularly constructed speech 



