PHONETIC SYSTEM EMPLOYED. 7 



ALPHABET. 



have their continental sounds (short). 



long vowels. 



obscure vowels. 



vowels not articulated but indicated by i^osition of tlie 



mo u til. 

 in German Biir. 

 aw in law. 

 o in German voll. 

 e in bell. 



separates vowels which do not form diphthongs, 

 i in island, 

 ow in how. 

 as in English. 



very long, slightly palatized by allowing a greater por- 

 tion of the back of the tongue to touch the palate. 

 t: posterior palatal 1 ; the tip of the tongue touches the 



alveoli of the lower jaw, the back of the tongue is 

 pressed against the hard palate, sonans. 

 L the same, short and exploded (surd; Lepsius's t). 



Lj the same with very great stress of explosion, 



q velar k. 



k English k. 



k* j)3^^1^tized k (Lepsius's k'), almost ky. 



kX might be better defined as a posterior i^alatal k, between 



k and k*. 

 X ch in German Bach. 



X X pronounced at posterior border of hard palate. 



x- palatal x as in German ich. 



s, c are evidently the same sound and might be written s- or 



c, both being palatized 5 c (English sh) is pronounced 

 with open teeth, the tongue almost touching the palate 

 immediately behind the alveoli; s is modified in the 

 same manner. 



, ' / as in English, but surd and sonant are difficult to distin- 



? 1^ ?" -1 



1 \ guish. 



g, k ; 



h as in English. 



y as in year. 



w as in English. 



m is j)ronounce(l with semiclausure of the nose and with very 



slight compression of the lips; it partakes, therefore, 



of the character of b and w. 

 n is i^ronounced with semiclausure of the nose; it partakes, 



therefore, of the character of d. 



