^^hSs''^! product of the shops. 15 



perniaueut demand, aud not for temporarj' or occasional use. The 

 quarry was tlie factory wherein the raw material was prepared for 

 market, aud the shapes were carried only far enough to make transpor- 

 tation easy aud profitable. 



It seems probable that in many cases the characteristics of the 

 material led to modifications in form and size of the articl3s made. 

 The finer and more homogeneous masses encouraged the manufacture 

 of long, broad blades; the more minutely divided or flawed pieces 

 served to j)roduce only small objects. The products of accidental 

 fracture are often fantastic, and an imaginative people would readily 

 be led into the elaboration of fanciful objects. 



A careful examination of the shops over the whole site demonstrates 

 the practical unity of the work. There are no indications of earlier and 

 later periods of occupation. Although some shops have more decided 

 appearance of newness than others, the difference of time represented 

 may not be more than a few generations. In one place the refuse indi- 

 cates that blades of a limited range of form were produced to the prac- 

 tical exclusion of other forms, though this may be the result of the 

 adaptability of the material to the production of such shapes, or to a 

 temporary demand for particular forms. In other places we have evi- 

 dence of the making of all forms and sizes in the same shop, and possi- 

 bly by a single workman at one sitting. 



An extensive collection of the worked pieces was made, and some 

 thirty boxes were forwarded to the Bureau of Ethnology. The points 

 kept in view in making selections are as follows: It is important, first, 

 to illustrate all stages of the work, all processes of manufacture, and 

 all forms produced; second, a full series of the more finished pieces is 

 necessary to indicate the probable intention of the workman with 

 respect to final forms ; and third, the collection must needs illustrate 

 the stone in color, cleavage, and fracture. 



The largest of the failures are quite massive, each weighing 20 pounds 

 or more, aud are as much as lo or even 18 inches long, 10 inches wide, and 

 6 inches or more in thickness. These represent rejections resulting from 

 the selection of workable stone for large implements, impurities aud 

 flaws having been developed by the first few strokes. It appears that 

 masses so large as here indicated were generally very much reduced 

 in dimensions before the roughing-out process was complete. The 

 average length of the more ordinary thick rejects would probably not 

 exceed inches. It is only rarely that specimens are found less than 

 4 inches in length by say 2 inches in width and half an inch in thick- 

 ness. 



It is a striking fact that in the thirty boxes of flaked specimens 

 obtained from this site there was no single i)iece that could be called an 

 implement ; though all were shaped forms aud manj- of them quite well 

 advanced, we can not assume that any were finished, and there is really 

 no means of determining, save in the most general way, what relation 



