8 SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE EAST. [^^', 



REAU OF 

 HNOLOGY 



fled from the north on the disruption of that tribe, about 1675. On the 

 lower Neuse and its tributaries, the Contentnea and the Trent, and 

 extending up about as far as the present site of Raleigh, were the 

 Tuskarora, the most important tribe of North Carolina east of the 

 mountains. Before they rose against the whites in 1711 they were 

 estimated at 1,200 warriors, or perhaps 5,000 souls, but their terrible 

 losses in the ensuing war, amounting to 400 in one battle and 1,000 in 

 another, comjiletely broke their power. The remnant of the hostiles 

 abandoned their country and fled to their kindred, the Iroquois or 

 Five Nations of New York, by whom they were incorporated as a sixth 

 nation. Those who had kept the peace were removed in 1717 to a 

 reservation on the northern bank of Roanoke river in the present 

 Bertie county, North Carolina, so that the tribe was comi)letely extir- 

 pated from its original territory. From here they gradually removed 

 in small parties to join their kindred in the north, and in 1790 there 

 remained only about CO souls on their lands in Bertie county, and 

 these also finally withdrew a few years later. The fourth Iroquoian 

 tribe was the powerful Cherokee nation, occupying all of North Carolina 

 and Virginia west of the Blue ridge, as far north at least, according 

 to their tradition, as the Peaks of Otter, near the headwaters of James 

 river, together with the upper portion of South Carolina and the moun- 

 tain section of Georgia and Tennessee. The Coree^ on the coast lands 

 south of the Neuse, also may have been a tribe of the same stock. 



Farther southward were the Catawba, who had their settlements 

 about the river of the same name, just below the border line between 

 North Carolina and South Carolina, ranging ujiward to the hunting 

 grounds of the Cherokee, their inveterate enemies. When first 

 known they were estimated at 1,500 fighting men, or at least 0,000 

 souls, but so rapid was their decline that in 1743, according to Adair, 

 they were reduced to less than 400 warriors, and among these were 

 included the broken remnants of more than twenty smaller tribes, 

 which had taken refuge with their more powerful neighbors, but still 

 retained their distinct dialects. Adair enumerates several of these 

 incori)orated tribes, but the mere fact of such an alliance proves 

 nothing as to linguistic affinities. A few Catawba still remain on a 

 reservation in South Carolina, and recent investigation among them 

 has proved conclusively that they are of Siouan stock. Closely related 

 to them linguistically were the Woccon, occupying a small territory 

 in the fork of Neuse and Contentnea rivers, in and adjoining the more 

 numerous Tuskarora. Although at one time a considerable tribe, 

 they seem to have disappeared suddenly and completely soon after 

 the Tuskarora war. If not absorbed by the Tuskarora they probably 

 removed to the south and were incorporated with the Catawba. 



Turning iiow from the tribes whose affinities are thus well known, 

 it will be found, by referring to the maj), that we have still to account 

 for a large central area. In Virginia this territory includes all west 



