mwinIy] stock classification of tribes. 9 



of <i line drawn through Kichmond and Fredericksburg, up to the Blue 

 ridge, or about ouehalf the area of the state. In North Carolina it 

 includes the basins of the Eoanoke, the Tar, the Cape Fear, the Yadkin, 

 and the upper Catawba rivers, comprising more than two thirds of the 

 area of that state. In South Carolina it comprises nearly the whole 

 central and eastern portion. In the three states tlie territory in ques- 

 tion comprises an area of about 70,000 square miles, formerly occupied 

 by about forty different tribes. 



Who Avere the Indians of this central area! For a long time the 

 question was ignored by ethnologists, and it was implicitly assumed 

 that they were like their neighbors, Iroquoian or Algonquian in the 

 north and "Catawban" in the south. It was never hinted that they 

 might be anything different, and still less was it suppossed that they 

 would prove to be a part of the great Siouan or Dakotan fixmily, whose 

 nearest known representatives were beyond the Mississippi or about 

 the upper lakes, nearly a thousand miles away. Yet the fact is now 

 established that some at least of those tribes, and these the most im- 

 portant, were of that race of hunters, while the apparently older dia- 

 lectic forms to be met with in tlie east, the identification of the Biloxi 

 near Mobile as a part of the same stock, and the concurrent testimony 

 of the Siouan tribes themselves to the effect that they had come from 

 the east, all now render it extremely probable that the original home 

 of the Siouan race was not on the prairies of the west but amidst the 

 eastern foothills of the southern Alleghanies, or at least as far eastward 

 as the upper Ohio region. Some years ago the author's investigations 

 led him to suspect that such migiit yet prove to be the case, and in a 

 paper on the Indian tribes of the District of Columbia, read before the 

 Anthropological Society of Washington in 1889 (Mooney, 1 ) he expressed 

 this opinion. 



SIOUAN MIGRATIONS AND IROQUOIS CONQUESTS. 



Horatio Hale, to whom belongs the credit of first discovering a Siouan 

 language on the Atlantic coast, noted the evidences that the Tutelo 

 language was older in its forms than the cognate dialects of the west, and 

 predicted that if this should prove true it would argue against the sup- 

 position, which at first seemed natural, that the eastern Siouan tribes 

 were merely offshoots from a western parent stock. Investigation might 

 result iu showing that the Avestern Siouan, like the western Algon- 

 quian tribes, had their original home in the east. The inference that the 

 region west of the Mississippi was the original home of Siouan tribes, 

 and that those of that stock who dwelt on the Ohio or east of the Allegha- 

 nies were emigrants from the western prairies did not, by any means, 

 follow from the fact that the majority of these tribes were now dwellers 

 on the plains, as by the same course of reasoning we might conclude 

 that the Aryan had their original seat in western Europe, that the 



