50 SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE EAST. [ 



BURBAU OF 

 ETHNULOOY 



]jlaiit. Her father, who had died two years before, had been a uoted 

 warrior who had made himself terrible to all other Indians by his 

 exploits, and had escaped so many dangers that he seemed invulner- 

 able, but died at last of an illness, " the last man of his race and nation" 

 (Byrd, 13). This is the same Tutelo chief i>reviously meutioned as 

 having defended himself so valiantly against the Iroquois on an island 

 in the Koanoke, but he was by no means the last of his race, as our 

 author supposed. 



In regard to the hanging of this Saponi chief and the general inter- 

 ference of the whites in the quarrels of the Indians, additional informa- 

 tion is gathered from a document of 1728. From this it appears that 

 some Saponi delegates went to the Catawba to bring back a hundred of 

 them to demand satisfaction of the English ibr imprisoning their men. 

 They also threatened that if a certain Captain Tom was hanged they 

 would remove their women and children across the Roanoke and would 

 then drive the whites beyond the James. Another one told the white 

 man that the English had no business to come to the fort to concern 

 themselves about the Indians killing one another (V. S. P., 2). 



Being restless and dissatisfied at the vicinity of the whites, and hav- 

 ing now made peace with the Iroquois, the Saponi and Tutelo, with 

 other confederated tribes, resolved to follow the example set by the Tus- 

 karora and put themselves under the protection of the Iroquois in the 

 north. Accordingly they abandoned their settlement near Fort Chris- 

 tanna and removed from Virginia into Pennsylvania, and by permission 

 of the Iroquois established themselves at the Indian village of Shamo- 

 kin on both banks of the Susquehanna just below the forks, where now 

 is the town of Sunbury. The village was com])Osed of the remnants of 

 the ISTanticoke and Conoy, with some Delaware, who, like the later 

 immigrants, after having been driven out of their own country and 

 impoverished by contact with the whites, had been received under the 

 protection of the Iroquois and assigned lands within their territory. 

 The exact date of this removal northward can not be given, but it must 

 have been about 1710. It was probably a gradual movement by small 

 parties, extending over a period of several years. The immediate cause 

 was doubtless the dissatisfaction growing out of the hanging of one of 

 their chiefs by the Virginians about 1728. From a casual French refer- 

 ence it seems probable that they were still in the south in 173G (N. Y., 

 11). The Occaneechi probably accompanied them, while the Eno, 

 Keyauwee, and Sara went southward and joined the Catawba. 



In 1745 missionary David Brainerd visited Shamokin, which then 

 contained about 300 Indians, of whom half were Delaware and the 

 remainder Seneca and Tutelo (Hale, 4), under which latter name he 

 included all the emigrants from Fort Christanna. It is not certain, 

 however, that all the Tutelo and Saponi were congregated at this vil- 

 lage. The three tribes named as making up this small community 

 spoke languages radically different. Three years later another mis- 

 sionary, David Zeisberger, passed through the same region and found 



