68 SIOUAN TRIBES OF THE EAST. [ethnology 



Elmvs. — Craven (1^1^) ^^ North Carolina Records, 1886, vol. i, p. 898 (misi>riut). 



Esau. — Martin, History of North Carolina, 1829, vol. i, p. 194. 



Esaus. — Lawsou (1714), History of Carolina, reprint of 1860, p. 73. 



Flatheads (?).— Albany Conference (1714) in New York Col. Docs., 1855, vol. v, p. 386. 



Albany Conference (1715) in ibid., pp. 442-444 (subjects of Carolina, Oyadagah- 



roenes). 

 /ssrt.— La Vaudera (1579) in French, Hist. Coll. of La., 1875, vol. ii, p. 291. 

 Eadapan. — Lawson (1714), History of Carolina, reprint of 1860, p. 76. 

 Kadapaw. —MWlii, Statistics of South Carolina, 1826, p. 109. 

 Katahas.—UaAiwtic (1758) in New York Col. Docs., 1858, vol. x, p. 813. 

 A'rt/«/)&«.— Adair, History of American Indians, 1775, p. 223. 

 Katanhah. — Drake, Book of Indians, 1848, book iv, p. 25. 



Katlarhe. — Cuniming(?) (17.30) in Drake, Book of Indians, 1848, book iv, p. 27. 

 Eattaiqm. — Dc I'lsle map in Wiusor, History of America, 1886, vol. ii, p. 295. 

 Ojadaf/ochrane. — Albany Conference (1720) in New York Col. Docs., 1855, vol. v, p. 567. 



(" The flatheads Alias in Indian Ojadagochroene; " " They live to the west and 



south of Virginia"). 

 Oyadaiiahnxnes. — Document of 1713 in New York Col. Docs., vol. v, p. 386, note. 

 Tadirirjhroneii. — Albany Conference (1722), op. cit., p. 660 (same?), 

 Toderichroone. — Albany Conference (1717), op. cit., p. 491 (so called by Iroquois). 

 ToifVis.— Chaiivignrie(?) (1736) in New York Col. Docs., 1855, vol. ix, p. 1057 (here 



intended for the Catawba). 

 Ushereis.— By vd (1728), Hist, of the Dividing Line, 1866, vol. i, p. 181. 

 Usheriis. — Lederer, Discoveries, 1672. p. 17. 



The origin and. meaning of tliis name are unknown. It is said that 

 Lyuche creek in South Carolina, east of the Catawba territory, was 

 anciently known as Kadapau; and from the fact that Lawsoii applies 

 the name Kadapaii to a small band met by him southeast of the 

 main body of the tribe, which he calls Esaw, it is possible that it was 

 originally applied to this people by some tribe living in eastern kSouth 

 Carolina, from whom the first colonists obtained it. The Cherokee, 

 having no b in their language, changed the word to Atakwa, or 

 Auitakwa in the ])lural. The Shawano and other tribes of the Ohio 

 valley made the word Cuttawa. From the earliest i)eriod the Catawba 

 have also been known distinctively as the ''river [Catawba, istvd] 

 people," from their residence on what seems to have been considered 

 the princi])al river of the region, Iswa, " the river," being their only 

 name for the Catawba and Wateree. The name appears in the Issa of 

 La Vandera as early as 15G9, in the Ushery {isira-Mre, "river down 

 there") of Lederer, and in the Esaw of Lawson. They were also called 

 Flatheads (Oyadagahroene) by the Iroquois, a name which leads 

 to some confusion, as it was also frequently applied by the same 

 people to the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Cherokee. The name was 

 properly applicable to the Choctaw, who practiced the custom of head 

 flattening, as did also the Waxhaw of South Carolina adjoining the 

 Catawba; but there seems to be no allusion to the existence of this 

 strange custom among the Catawba themselves. They were also fre- 

 quently included by the Irocpiois under the general term of Totiri or 

 Toderichroone (whence the form Tutelo), applied to all the southern 

 Siouan tribes collectively. Like most other tribes the Catawba know 



