^''fow^vT'''] remains in nelson county 15 



arrowheads, and great quantities of quartz chips. They are in nearly 

 straight rows, from 25 to 50 feet apart, and extend for several hundred 

 yards along the river. Therewas close similarity in the piles; they 

 varied in size, but on an average each contained half a bushel of 

 burned stones, a double handful of clay or steatite pottery fragments, 3 

 or 4 well-made arrowlieads, a dozen rougii or uniinished ones, and prob- 

 ably a quart of chips and broken points — nearly all of quartz, a few 

 being of qnartzite, flint, or argillitc. Spearheads are rare; most of the 

 arrows and knives are small. Although the pieces of pottery are 

 numerous, none show any trace of legs or handles. A number of side- 

 notched axes, hoes, adze-like celts for hide dressing or for working 

 steatite, and an unfinished steatite pipe were found. AH these things 

 point to a village of considerable size, but a most careful search of the 

 whole area, especially along the river bank and in the numerous gullies, 

 failed to reveal a bone of any <lescription. 



Similar sites exist opposite Greenway and near Gladstone; arrow- 

 heads and pottery are found, but no bones. 



STKATIIE QUARHY. 



Four miles from ISTorwood, beginning about 100 yards above where 

 the "Tye river road" crosses Cedar creek, is a very large ledge of stea- 

 tite. It gradually becomes more siliceous toward either side until it 

 merges into the sandstone. Bowlders, some of them as large as a 

 freight car, project above the surface; slabs 10 feet or more in length 

 have been quarried. The outcrop extends more than half a mile, the 

 creek cutting across it and making a considerable ravine. There are 

 observable several slight depressions where it is possible work has been 

 done by the Indians, but every place is so covered with leaves and 

 litter and so overgrown with brush and vines that it would be necessary 

 to clear the ground thoroughly in order to determine whetlier or not 

 these depressions are of Indian origin. Pieces of steatite from 2 to 50 

 pounds in weight cover the surface; very few of them show indications 

 of having been worked, and they may be only blocks broken from pro- 

 jecting points.^ 



ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY. 



The Indian trail from Shenandoah valley to southern Virginia, which 

 crossed the James at this point, passed over the mountains throngh a 

 depression about a mile above. In this gap a small pile of stones was 

 examined a few years ago, but no remains of any sort were discovered. 

 Such mounds frequently occur at the highest points on a trail; they 

 seem to have served as guide marks or for a kindred purpose. 



'The hills beginning just above Norwood and continning to the Blue ridge were 

 formerly known as the " Broken conntry," and emigration, which early reached to 

 their eastern border, advanced no farther lor more than fifty years, or nntil the 

 ludiaus finally abandoned that region as a hunting and fishing resort. 



