32 



JAME8 AND POTOMAC ARCHEOLOGY 



BUREAU OF 

 ETHNOLOGY 



bowlders and others piled above tlieni. Graves and barbecue boles 

 from 2 to 4 feet across and from G inches to 3 feet apart, some only a 

 few inches deep, others reaching- down into the gravel, occupied a space 

 30 feet in diameter under the central portion of the mound. Bowlders 

 were found in every one, those in the graves showing no marks of tire, 

 while all the others had been much burned. 



Eight feet nearly west of the center of the mound was a barbecue 

 hole, dug after the mound had reached the height of 2 feet, which con- 

 tained a large quantity of ashes, burned earth and stones, and charcoal. 

 Among the last were nearly a (juart of charred corn and beans. Corn 

 in small quantities, with a few fragments of cloth, were found in two 

 other holes, while charred bark was plentiful. In each of two holes was 

 an arrowpoint. Shortly before t;.e center was reached a broken stea- 

 tite pipe (figure 0) was found near the top, close to but not among the 

 remains of 2 or 3 skeletons. It bore evidence of long service. A few 

 feet beyond the center, at the bottom of the mound, were the frag- 

 ments of a large pot, piled together as if broken and thrown in. 



Near the southeastern edge of the mound, 18 

 feet from the center, was the largest hole found. 

 It measured 5 feet across and extended below 

 the surfa(;e of the gravel nearly a foot, or about 

 3 feet below the bottom of the mound. It con- 

 tained no trace of bone, very little charcoal, 

 some ashes, two or three patches of burned 

 earth, apparently burned in place, and half a 

 cart load of bowlders of various sizes, one w( igh- 

 ing fully 100 pounds, some of them burned, 

 others not. It was probably a barbecue hole. 



The remains of between 75 and 100 skeletons 

 were exhumed; the number plowed out lue- 

 Often it was impossible to say whether a bone 

 deposit represented one or several bodies. They were not buried in 

 regular order, but a few had been interred at a time, and the mound, 

 of alluvial nuiterial, black, sticky, and wet, thus built up irregularly. 



No animal bones or shells were found ; but burned earth, charcoal, and 

 ashes were abundant in all parts of the mound, some of the holes being 

 filled with these nuiterials. Small deposits of bone almost destroyed 

 by fire were similarly distributed. In one were i)ieces of antler and 

 turkey bone; in another fragments of a human skull and teeth. Noth- 

 ing else could be identified. 



There was formerly a depression encircling the base in which water 

 stood much of the year. 



Fig. 6. — Pipe from Clover creek 

 nighlaud county, Virginin. 



viously is not known. 



NKW IIAMPDKN. 



On a spur rising to a height of 200 feet just west of the village of New 

 Hampden a large quantity of fiint (or chert) has been released by the 



