AKCHEOLO( 

 KOWKU 



'^] REMAINS AT NEW HAMPDEN 33 



decomposition of tlie limestone iu which it was imbedded. It is mostly 

 iu the form of snuill uodnles or fragments, although some of it is iuter- 

 stratiiied with the limestone. Over a considerable area on the north- 

 ern end and at the to^) of the ridge the earth had been much dug over 

 by the aborigines for the purpose of procuring- the tlint. Most of the 

 pits remaining are quite small, few being- larger than would contain a 

 cartload of earth. The largest are on top of the ridge, where a few 

 have a depth of _{ to 3i feet with a diameter of 20 to 30 feet. The latter 

 cover an area of about an acre ; the others are so scattered that it is 

 difficult to estimate their extent, probably acres in all. There is no 

 outcrop of stone at any point where digging has been done, and it 

 appears that the searchers for tke material, having learned that the 

 tiiut nodules and fragments were distributed tiirough the soil, excavated 

 for them in such spots as proved to contain them in greatest abundance, 

 making- no effort to quarry out the stone in which they occur. At 

 various j)laces on the summit of the ridge, where the flint projected 

 above the ground, it had been battered off" apparently with stones, but 

 there is no evidence that quarrying was resorted to. 



Such portion of the hill as is not timbered has a heavy blue-grass 

 sod, and the ground is visible only in a few small spots where animals 

 have burrowed. Flint chips and flakes were found at several of these. 

 At the foot of the spur at its northwestern terminus is a si3ring, around 

 which these indications of manufacture are abundant; and it is 

 reported that before the grass had become so thick a great many 

 broken or untinished implements were picked up. Spalls and chips 

 are abundant in the face of the bank around the spring, but it can 

 not be ascertained except by excavation how far they extend. So 

 far as could be learned the space covered by this workshop seems too 

 limited to have been utilized for flaking more than a small part of the 

 flint that could have been obtained by the amount of digging apparent. 

 It may, however, be more extensive than reported, or there may be 

 others in the vicinity which have been overlooked. 



THE PIEDMONT COUNTRY. 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



The country along the upper portion of the Rappahannock and its 

 tributaries was inhabited by tribes known collectively as the Mana- 

 hoac. They probably migrated westward and united with tribes beyond 

 the Ohio Avhose names they took. They and the Monacan were allied 

 against the Powhatan, though the dialects of these tribes were so 

 diverse that interpreters were required.' 



It will be prop(!r to describe here a mound, evidently a tribal burial 

 place, situated in the former territory of the Manahoac and due prob- 

 ably to their labor. 



'Jefferson, Notes, pp. 149, 156. 

 BULL. w=23 3 



