66 JAMES AND POTOMAC ARCHEOLOGY [ethnology 



place, 2 miles below the former. Both are on the right bank. The 

 third is on the left bank, at what is known as Pancake island. Many 

 fireplaces and graves have been examined. In them arrowheads, bone 

 fish-hooks, celts, pipes (including manj' of the i^latform type), iron 

 hatchets, brass ornaments, and glass beads (among the latter some of 

 the Venetian polychrome variety) were fonnd intermingled. Pottery 

 fragments are abundant and of two distinct kinds; one, thin, smooth, 

 well worked, of nearly pure clay, kneaded or paddled as compactly 

 as i)0ssible, the other formed of i)ounded Hint and quartz mixed with 

 shale from the hill crushed like the other ingredients, pieces as large as 

 a grain of wheat being common. 



On Joseph A. Pancake's place, at the mouth of Trout or Mill run, 4 

 miles above Eomney, are 2 stone mounds, one of which has been nearly 

 leveled. It contained some relics, among them a celt and a steatite 

 pipe with a hawk head t^arved on it. The other mound was formerly 3 

 feet above the surrounding level, but the soil had been washed away 

 from around it by freshets until its top is feet above the present sur- 

 fiice. It is now on the river bank, but the terrace formerly extended 

 fully 100 yards farther than at ]nevsent. At the center was a grave 

 dug to the underlying gravel, at this point only a few inches below 

 the old surface, and filled with flat stones, some of them 200 pounds in 

 weight. They were inclined at various angles as if they had been 

 placed over a pen or other covering for the body. Nothing in the way 

 of relics was found. 



"Indian rock," 3 miles above the mouth of South branch, takes 

 its name from an incised image, supposed to represent an Indian, 

 carved on the protected portion of an overhanging rock. The lines are 

 filled with a red substance which persons have tried unsuccessfully to 

 remove. Of course "a great battle" is reported to account for it. 



On a point overlooking Cacapon river, half a mile north of the Hardy 

 county line, on the Rudolph farm, are 3 or 4 small cairns, one of which 

 has been opened and found to contain bones tolerably well preserved. 



A small cairn on a hilltop just above the residence of Captain Pugh, 

 4^ miles south of Cacapon bridge, has also been opened ; and two others 

 on the opposite side of the river, half a mile farther down, have been 

 removed. Nothing of note was found in any of them. 



An undisturbed cairn stands on a narrow ridge just west of Cacapon 

 bridge. 



MINERAL COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA. 



Many stone graves have been opened along Patterson creek, but 

 no record was made of their appearance or contents. 



GRANT COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA. 



Small stone mounds are to be found in the vicinity of Maysville. It 

 is reported that in a mound (whether of earth or stone could not be 



