^'^fowk'eT former INDIAN OCCUPANCY 71 



of those whose boues had beeu collected since the last previous general 

 burial. This, as we know from various authorities, was customary 

 with many tribes both north and south. Jefferson' tells us that at a 

 treaty held with the Six Nations at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one of the 

 Indians died and was buried near the town. Afterward a party came, 

 took up the body, cleaned off such flesh as remained by boiling and 

 scraping, and carried tlie bones home. As the Tuskarora (or Mona- 

 can) were one of the Six Nations, and as the Powhatan also pre- 

 served the bones of their dead, while the Manahoac, being neigh- 

 bors to both, might be expected to have similar customs, it is quite 

 probable that such remains in the Piedmont region are due to the 

 tribes occupying that territory within the last three centuries. A sim- 

 ilar assertion can safely be made concerning the country beyond the 

 Blue ridge. The earth mounds are constructed in practically the same 

 way; the small cairns, containing in most cases only a single skeleton 

 and never more than two or three, are doubtless the graves of such 

 hunters or warriors as perished on their i)eriodical raids or hunting 

 expeditions; the larger cairns seem to have been constructed hastily 

 and without much care. The finding of the fragment of a gun barrel at 

 .Water lick proves a modern origin for at least one of them, and all are 

 quite similar in their construction to the graves which students gen- 

 erally agree were made by different tribes who have roamed through 

 this country Avithin the historical period. 



Following is a list of all the known tribes residing in or resorting to 

 the valley in 1716-1732, taken from Peyton's History of AugustaCouuty : 



Shawnee, whose principal villages east of the Alleghanies were near 

 the present town of Winchester. 



Tuskarora, near Martinsburg. 



Senedo, who occupied the north fork of the Shenandoah until 1732 

 when they were exterminated by hostile tribes from the south. 



Catawba, from South Carolina. 



Delaware, from the Susquehanna. 



Susquehanna, or Susquehanough, who were driven from the head of 

 Chesapeake bay and settled on the headwaters of the Potomac. 



Cinela, on the upper Potomac. 



Piscataway, or Pascataway, from the head of Chesapeake bay. 



Six Nations. 



Cherokee. 



Kercheval, in his History of the Valley, says that ^' Shawnee cabins" 

 and "Shawnee springs," near Winchester, received their names from 

 settlements of this tribe, who had, besides, a considerable village at 

 Babb marsh, 3 or 4 miles northwest of Winchester, where signs of 

 their wigwams were visible years after the country was settled. He 

 also says the Tuskarora were living on the creek of that name after 

 the whites came into the country. 



1 Notes on Virginia, p. 353. 



