178 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 28 



manuscript, on which, among- others, were the phice names Tonalxo- 

 chithm, Quanhtepan, Ynenechcoyan, Tepeyahualco, Ohocotlan, Tlilal- 

 l^an, and Ameyalato on the one side; and on the other, Huixocotepec, 



Huecoyotzi, Coyocan, Quetzalcohuapan, Tlacotlan, ■ 



Atlan, Quimichocan, Chipetzinco, Quanapa, Tepeyahualco, 



Yxthihuaca, Ocotzoquafihthi. This and the first manuscript were 

 found together — enterrados en una caxa baxo his ruinas de hi antigua 

 ermita de la jurisdiccion de Huamantla, Provincia de Tlaxcallan, y de 

 alii los hice sacar ('* buried in a box beneath the ruins of the ancient 

 monastery in the district of Huamantla, province of Tlaxcallan, and 

 from there I had them taken'') — and he adds: "Y solo se p'leden 

 interpretar en un todo, en occasion que se consulten los manuscritos 

 de la Historia general ("and they, can only be interpreted as a 

 whole, Avhenever the manuscripts of the general history are con- 

 sulted"). 



This information is very important, because the region from which 

 fragments III and IV of our collection came is thus definitely fixed. 

 The place called " Quauhmanco " in Boturini's description of the leaf 

 and " Cuanmana " in the inventory is undoubtedly Huamantla, situ- 

 ated in the province of Tlaxcallan, at the northeast base of the Cerro 

 de la Malinche (the mountain called in ancient times after the goddess 

 Matlalcueye), in the neighborhood of which Boturini found the two 

 remarkable manuscripts. Huamantla doubtless stands for Qua- 

 mantla, which, in turn, is derived by contraction from Quauh-man- 

 tlan. In fact, there are still extant in that region many of the names 

 which Boturini mentions as occurring on these two charts. I can not, 

 it is true, accurately define the jjosition of the three several places 

 Avhose names occur on fragment III (plate viii), but it is beyond 

 a doubt that they Avere in the same region. 



As for the representations on these pages, the portions belonging 

 originally to the middle must be distinguished from those belonging 

 to the borders. The principal part of the left side of fragment III 

 (plate viii) belongs to the part which was originally the middle. 

 Here we see, first, surrounded by flying spears and fighting warriors, 

 a curious design in which a stream of Avater, painted blue, with draw- 

 ings of currents and whirlpools and with the usual snail shells on the 

 branches, is intertwined with a band winding in a similar manner 

 and frayed at the ends, composed of alternate sections of gray with 

 dark figures and yellow with red figures. The alternate dark sections 

 and light yellow sections with red figures denote fire, and the entire 

 symbol is nothing more than the pictorial hieroglyphic expression for 

 the well-known phrase atl tlachinolli, or teoatl tlachinolli, which may 

 l)e understood as meaning literally " water and fire ", although its 

 original meaning was probably something else, and which is generally 

 used in the sense of " war ". The same symbol, someAvhat diifereutly 



