180 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 28 



from the painting customary among the Mexican warriors, who, as 

 we learn from Sahagun, app. o, chapter 5, and as we see represented 

 throughout the INIendoza codex, coh)red the whole body black except 

 the face, and this they painted with a few black stripes, on which they 

 sprinkled powdered iron pyrites — niman michio, mitoaya motliltzo- 

 tia, hapetztli ic conpotonia ininechival, '' Y en la cara se ponian cier- 

 tas rayas con tinta y margagita "." On the other hand, I find face 

 painting like that of the warriors of our fragment III (plate viii) on 

 the head set upon a mountain, Avhich is given in the Mendoza codex 

 as the hieroglyph of the city of Otompan, '' in the district of the Oto- 

 mis ", d (figure 40). as well as in a di-awing, r, which, in the list of 

 names of persons of TTexotzinco (Manuscrit Mexicain number 3, l^ib- 

 liotheque Nationale), denotes a man named Chichimeca. We know 

 that the name Chichimeca was borne as an honorary title by the rulers 

 of Tetzcoco and, especially, by the Tlaxcaltecs. Red and yellow 

 painting is mentioned as occurring among the Mexicans, but it was 

 not a mark of distinction regularl}' conferred by official consent, as I 

 would emphasize in controversion of some recent statements, but a 

 symbolic ceremon}^ performed but once, by which it was publicly 

 made known that a warrior had taken a prisoner alone, without help 

 from others. This painting, which consisted in coloring the body 

 and temples yellow and the face red, was applied to the fortunate 

 warrior in the presence of the king by the calpixcjue, the governors 

 of the provinces, and the conunanders of divisions of troops stationed 

 at a distance, the recipient being afterward rewarded by the king. 

 It is exactly the same decoration as the one worn by tliose who sacri- 

 ficed a prisoner by fire at the feast Xocotl-uetzi in honor of the fire 

 god. I have spoken elsewhere of the meaning of this manner of 

 painting the face, which is really that of the goddess Ciuacouatl, or 

 Quilaztli (see Ausland, 1801, page 805 ). 



Beside atl tlachinolli, th(> symbol of war, we lune six warrior fig- 

 ures and the lower half of a seventh in our fragment III (plate viii). 

 Five of them wear the warrior's hair dress (temillotl) (see 1 and lu^ 

 figure 37, and the heads in divisions 3, 9, 11. and IT, counting from the 

 lower path, on fragment II (})late vii) of this collection). All these 

 are armed with the shield (chimalli) and the club (maquauitl), which 

 has an edge of obsidian splinters on both sides.'^ So, too, the three 

 warriors drawn on the right side of the fragment have the temillotl 

 and are armed with shield and maquauitl. Only one warrior in the 

 left-hand row, the fifth fi-oni below, has the other style of hair dress, 

 which I described above as tzotzocolli, and which is illustrated by o, 



° Zeitschrift fiir Etlinolosie, 1887, v. 21, p. 17.") and folIov\in;i. "das ToualamatI der 

 Aubinschen Sammluns' "■ Compte rendu, seventh session, ("onj;;res Uiternational des 

 Americanistes, Berlin. 1888, pp. .521-.52.S. 



"See also the pictures of Mexican warriors" ornaments, m, p, and q, fig. 37. 



