RELEU] MEXICAN PICTURE WRITINGS — FRAGMENTS III, IV 181. 



/>, q. figuiv ?)7. This warrior is not armed with shield and club, but 

 with arrow (niitl), how (tlanitolli), and quiver (mi-comitl). The 

 ditl'erent mode of weariiiij; tlie hair may be due merely to difference of 

 rank, for the hair (h-ess (temillotl), was the distinguishing mark of 

 the tequiua, the great war chieftains. Still I think that there is also 

 an ethnic difference apparent here. The maquauitl was the national 

 weapon of the Mexican tribes, that is, of the inhabitants of the valley 

 of Mexico and those who spoke their language. Besides this the spear 

 (tlacochtli, tlatzontectli). thrown with the spear thrower (atlatl), was 

 also used as an eff'ective weapon. On the other hand, bow, arrow, and 

 quiver were the weapons of the mountain tribes, the Chichimecs. 

 The name Chichimecatl is reproduced in the Boturini codex and 

 elsewdiere simply l)y the picture of a bow and arrow (/ and <j. figure 

 40). The word Chichimecatl includes a multitude of very different 

 tribes, speaking different languages. In the vicinity of the highlands 

 of Mexico, and also in the district referred to on our fragment, that is, 

 the region lying east and north of Tlaxcala, the only mountain tribe 

 of importance is the Otomi. It is a remarkable fact that this very 

 ti'ibe wore the hair in a mode most closely reseml)ling that which I 

 liave described above as tzotzocolli, which may be seen worn by the 

 fifth figure from below in the left-hand row on our fragment. The 

 Otomi. says Sahagun (volume 10, chapter 29), shaved the hair on the 

 forehead and let it grow very long at the back of the head. This 

 hair hanging down long behind was called piochtli. At the gates of 

 Tlaxcallan. as we know from (xomara, Otomi was actually spoken. 

 The god of the Tlaxcaltecs was not Tezcatlipoca bearing the spear 

 thrower, but the arrows-shooting Camaxtli, who is never seen without 

 the pouch in wdiich he carries his arrowheads of flint. And the 

 ruder, more rustic, but also warlike, nature which was attributed to 

 the Tlaxcaltecs Avas undoubtedly due to the stronger admixture of the 

 indigenous Chichimec, that is, Otomi, element. 



The shields whicli the chieftains hold in their hands are of three 

 sorts. The fourth figure from below in the left row holds a shield 

 whose surface is decorated with five tufts of down arranged in a quin- 

 cunx. Such shields are mentioned in the Sahagun manuscript under 

 the name of iui-teteyo, " decorated with single balls of feathers ". 

 ■ Another shield, on whose surface are five small gold plates arranged 

 in a quincunx, is called, correspondingly, teocuitla-teteyo. The shield 

 with the tufts of down arranged in a (juincunx is carried by the idol 

 of Uitzilopochtli (see the picture of it in Codices Telleriano-Remen- 

 sis I, page 1), and Vaticanus A, page 71, which represents the fifteenth 

 annual festival. Panquetzaliztli, the feast of Uitzilopochtli) . Uitzilo- 

 pochtli's shield is called teueuelli. It is described as follows in the 

 Sahagun manuscript of the Bil)lioteca Lorenziana : Otlatl in tlachi- 



