SBLER] UNITY OP CIVILIZATION 269 



scripts. Ill the Borgian codex, which is one of the best and most 

 beautifully executed manuscripts of Mexican antiquity that we pos- 

 sess, there is found, on page 12, the complicated representation 

 which I have reproduced here in figure 58. Placed in the order of a 

 quincunx, we see five different pictures of the rain god, each holding 

 in one hand a handled jug of the face-jug type (the face being that 

 of the rain god) and in the other hand a snake which is bent in the 

 form of a hatchet. The four figures at the corners are ascribed bj'^ 

 the marginal numerals and signs to the initial days of the four 

 divisions of the tonalamatl; ce Cipactli (" 1 alligator "), ce Miquiztli 

 ("1 death"), ce Ozomatli ("1 monkey"), ce Cozcaquauhtli (" 1 

 king vulture "), and also to the initial years of the four divisions of 

 the cycle of 52 years: ce Acatl (^' 1 reed "), ce Tecpatl (" 1 flint"), 

 ce Calli (" 1 house "), ce Tochtli ('' rabbit "). There are no day or 

 year signs given with the fifth figure, the one in the center. 



The first figure, the lower one on the right, represents the east. To 

 it belongs the first division of the tonalamatl, designated by its initial 

 day, " 1 alligator ", also the first division of the great cycle, desig- 

 nated by its initial year, " 1 reed ". This figure is painted a dark color 

 and wears as a helmet mask the sign of the tonalamatl division to 

 which it belongs, a cipactli (alligator) head. A cloudy sky, promis- 

 ing rain, is spread above the god, and under him lies extended the 

 cipactli, as the Mexicans call it, the pichijlla in Zapotec, the alligator, 

 the symbol of the fruitful earth, from all parts of Avhose body the 

 ears and tassel of the maize plant are seen sprouting. The water 

 which streams to the earth from the jug and from the hatchet-shaped 

 lightning serpent of the gods brings down with it more maize ears 

 and tassels. The rain god of the east is represented in every respect 

 as a good and fruitful god. 



The second figure, the upper one on the right, represents the north. 

 The second division of the tonalamatl and the second division of the 

 cycle, represented respectively by the first day, " 1 death ", and the 

 first year, " 1 flint ", belong to it. This figure is painted yellow and 

 Avears as a helmet mask the sign of the second tonalamatl division, a 

 death's-head. A clear, sunny sky, vSending down rays of light, 

 stretches above the god. There are three vessels below him, api)ar- 

 ently filled with water. This water, however, is painted the brown 

 color of stone instead of the blue of water, and in it are seen the 

 bony nose and the eye of a death's-head. It is an obvious attempt 

 to represent the water as dead, dried up. Winged insect shapes, 

 wearing death's-heads, eat the ears of maize which stand in these dry 

 water basins. In the water, however, which streams down from the 

 jug which the god holds, as well as in that which comes from his 

 hatchet-shaped lightning serpent, there descends a hatchet, the sym- 



