270 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 28 



bol of the god who strikes with lightning. This rain god of the 

 north, therefore, designates drought, death, and famine. 



The third figure, the u])per one on the left, represents the west. 

 The third division of the tonalamatl and the third division of the 

 cycle l)elong to it, represented respectively by the initial day, " 1 

 monkey ", and the initial year, " 1 house ", belong to this one. The 

 figure of the god is painted blue, and he wears as a helmet mask the 

 sign of the third tonalamatl division, not a monkey's head, it is true, 

 but the head of an animal which recalls somewhat Xolotl, and which 

 is represented in the Borgian codex, page IG, near the day sign Ozo- 

 matli, " monkey ", as the god of song and gaming. Above the god 

 stretches a broad sky full of clouds and rain, and luider him stand 

 the maize plants, completely flooded with water. 



The fourth figure, the lower one on the left, represents the south. 

 The fourth division of the tonalamatl and the fourth division of the 

 cycle belong to it, one represented by its first day, " 1 king vulture ", 

 the other by its first year, " 1 rabbit ". The god is painted red and 

 wears as a helmet mask the sign of the fourth tonalamatl division, a 

 vulture's head. Above him is represented a clear, sunny sky, sending 

 down rays of light. Under him, in the midst of a yellow, pulverized 

 mass, are ears of maize in pairs, that is, abortions, and a kind of 

 rabbit, with the face of a death's-head, feeds on them. In the water 

 which streams from the jug in the god's hand there is seen, as in the 

 figure of the north, a hatchet, but with the addition of a tongue of 

 flame shooting out from the handle. 



The fifth figure represents the center, or the direction from above 

 downward. No day signs accompany it, for it belongs to no divi- 

 sion of the calendar. The god is striped in white .and red, which are 

 the colors of the gods of the night heaven and the twilight, and 

 he wears on his head the usual ornament of the rain god. The 

 starry sky and the sign of day and night are represented above him. 

 Below him sit the earth goddesses. The sign of war — shield, bundle 

 of javelins, spear thrower, and banner — is seen coming out of the 

 water which streams down from the jug. In that which runs down 

 from the hatchet-shaped lightning serpent are i^ictured a skeleton 

 and a jawbone. A variant of this interesting page occurs on page 28 

 of Codex Vaticanus B. 



It is not necessary to emphasize the fact that the way in which the 

 four rain gods are here ditferentiated according to the points of the 

 compass corresponds fairly well to the characterization which is 

 given in the passage above quoted (page 18) from the Historia de 

 los Mexicanos por sus pinturas. Only in the latter place the order 

 is plainly not east, north, west, south, but east, west, north, south. 



The Zapotecs, as Juan de Cordova states, divided the 65 days of 

 each tonalamatl division into five sections of 13 days each, which 



