SELEK] MAYA CALENDAR IN HISTORIC CHRONOLOGY 335 



destruction of Mayapan. Mayapan was a city in the interior of 

 Yucatan, in the territory of the later principality of Mani, of which 

 considerable ruins still existed at the time when Bishop Landa wrote. 

 Landa mentions especially large hieroglyphic stones of the nature of 

 those usually prepared and set up at the beginning of a katuii. The 

 name is Mexican. The word pan, to be sure, is given also in the 

 Maya dictionary, with the meaning, " flag ", "■ standard ", but, 

 although this word, too, is probably derived from the Mexi- 

 can pam-itl pan-tli. the etymology of the name Mayapan is in all 

 probability very different. Mayapan means " among the Mayas ", 

 •• in the territory of the Mayas ", as Otompan means "" among the 

 Otomi ", " in the land of the Otomi ". It is a purely Mexican name 

 construction, quite unlike that in use among the Mayas, where the 

 constituent part showing the local or other relation is prefixed, not 

 suffixed ( for example, Pan-choy , " in the lake " ; Ti-kax, " in the 

 wood ''; Ti-bolon, "" in the nine "; Ti-ho, "• in the five ", etc.). 



The name Mayapan, therefore, recalls the period of the pre-Spanisli 

 history of Yucatan, Avhen fragments of the great Mexican nation 

 played a part in that territory. It is to be inferred ironi various 

 facts that these relations were very active and that the influence of 

 the Mexicans was felt for a long time. 



The most famous city in old Yucatan and the most famous ancient 

 seat of its rulers was Chichen Itza. Attention has long been 

 drawn to the fact that the sculptures in the ruins of this town are of a 

 wholly diiferent character from those of the great ruined cities of the 

 west, Copan and Palenque, and also from sculptures known to us, 

 for instance, from the region of Merida. The attitude of the figures 

 is stiffer, the heads are not deformed, and much about the dress and 

 adornment reminds us of the types in the Mexican picture writings. 

 The principal figures in particular all wear on the forehead the head- 

 band with the triangular plate of turquoise mosaic, the xiuh-uitzolli 

 of the Mexican kings. Charnay, for one, therefore believed that he 

 found in Chichen Itza manifest evidence of the correctness of the 

 ancient statements in regard to the migration of the Toltecs into 

 Yucatan and Guatemala. 



Mayapan in comparison was a principality that sprang vip in a 

 modern period, one that first became prominent after the downfall 

 of the kingdom of Chichen Itza and in consequence of that downfall. 

 The cause of this downfall is ascribed in all the accounts to the treach- 

 ery (kebanthan) of a certain Hiniac-ceel, and " the seven men of Maya- 

 pan ■" — Ah zinteyut chan, Tzuntecum, Taxcal, Pantemit. Xuchueuet, 

 Ytzcuat, and Kakaltecat — are named as the direct authors of the 

 destruction of Chichen Itza. Of these seven nauies the last six are 

 purely Mexican, and the first name is a combination of a Mexican 



