1889.] CHAMBERLAIN, Birds of Southern Greenland. ZT 
SOME ACCOUNT OF THE BIRDS OF SOUTHERN 
GREENLAND, FROM THE MSS. OF 
A. HAGERUP. 
EDITED BY MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN. 
THE MINING village of Ivigtut, where Mr. Hagerup was resid- 
ing when he made the observations which are recorded in these 
notes, is situated on the southern shore of Arsuk Fjord, Green- 
land, in latitude 61° 12', and longitude 48° 10’. Arsuk Fjord is 
about two English miles in breadth, and is walled by cliffs, 
which rise abruptly from the water to the height of 1,000 to 1,500 
Danish feet, one peak—Mount Kunnak—towering up some 4,400 
feet. These cliffs are broken at intervals by small valleys down 
which streams of water find their way to the sea. Trout are 
abundant in the streams, and the banks are deeply fringed with 
low bushes of willow and alder. (The tallest and largest bushes 
are found close to the fields of eternal ice, at the head of the fjord.) 
In one of these valleys lies Ivigtut, close by the shore of the fjord. 
During the summer months four species of singing birds are 
found in the vicinity of Ivigtut. Around the houses in the 
village Redpolls are numerous, and the moist spots near by are 
tenanted by Lapland Longspurs, while the stony places are se- 
lected as building sites by Snowflakes and Wheatears. A few, 
pairs of Mallard Ducks also breed in the neighborhood each 
season. On climbing the sides of the adjacent hills Snowflakes 
and Wheatears are met with, as well as a few Ptarmigan and an 
occasional solitary Raven or Eagle. 
In winter the only birds seen on the land are Ptarmigan, Ravens, 
Eagles, and Falcons, and these, with the hare and Arctic fox, are 
the only animals seen on the land during the colder months. The 
reindeer lived on the highlands above the fjord at an earlier 
period, but now is not found nearer than thirty miles to the north- 
ward. 
It is the fjord which is at all seasons best furnished with animal 
life. ‘There an occasional white bear may be encountered—carried 
in by the ‘ big ice,’—and several forms of whale, even those of 
the largest species, are frequent visitors, as are, also, numerous 
