254 BATCHELDER ox Dryobates pubescens oreecus. [July 
of the feather. Beneath, including under tail-coverts, immaculate white. 
Measurements: — wing, 105.1; tail, 65.4; culmen, 18.3; bill from nos- 
tril, 14.1; tarsus, 14.6; middle toe and claw, 19.9; hind toe, 13.2; claw 
of hind toe, 7.7 mm. 
Adult female (Type, No. 216, collection of C. F. Batchelder. Loveland, 
Larimer Co., Colorado, Jan. 27, 1889, W. G. Smith). Similar to the 
male, but lacking the scarlet nuchal band. Measurements :—wing, I01.9; 
tail, 66.4; culmen, 18.2; bill from nostril, 14.5; tarsus, 16.0; middle 
toe and claw, 19.4: hind toe, 13.1; claw of hind toe, 8.o mm. 
While D. f. oreacus is readily distinguished from D. Pp. 
gairdnerii by the characters given above, it is separable from D. 
pubescens of the East by the scarcity or absence of white spots on 
wing-coverts and inner secondaries, which character it shares 
with D. p. gatirdneriz, by its greater size, and by its unspotted 
under tail-coverts. This latter character is very uniform ; among 
eighteen skins from various points in the Rocky Mountain Region 
I find in one only a barely perceptible trace of spotting, while in 
all examined from the Pacific Coast and from the East the coverts 
are spotted, or sometimes even barred, with black. The relative 
size of the three forms is shown by the following average meas- 
urements of seventeen PD. p. gacrduerié from British Columbia, 
Washington Territory, and Oregon, eighteen D. fp. orewcus 
from Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, and 
twenty 2. pubescens from New England and Pennsylvania. 
Bill Middle toe Claw of 
Wing. Tail. Culmen.: from Tarsus. and ~ Hind hind 
nostril. claw. toe. toe. 
D. p. gatrdnertt 94-8 | 60.7 17.2 9 913:8 15:6) 195s Om EO 
D. p-. orexwcus 29 5102:0 | %60.5) 18.3) 914.3) 56) S17 een et 
D. pubescens OA FOO. w/o'7 BS Wet Ie WAG fo 
Specimens from many intermediate localities show, as might be 
expected, every degree of intergradation between the typical 
forms, and this varies quite regularly according to the position of 
each locality. 
Downy Woodpeckers from southern California show but a 
slight trace of the smoky tinge of D. p. gazrdnerié and are even 
smaller than the Northwest Coast birds, but this seems hardly 
sufficient ground for their specific separation. It appears to have 
been a bird of this extreme southwestern form that Malherbe in 
1861 described under the name of Prcws turatz. It was killed, 
