OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 19 
1864) P. hamulus (1. cit. p. 124, Pl. 20, Fig. 81, and Pl. 18, Fig. 48) and P. manubriatus 
(1. cit. p.125, Pl. 29, Fig. 229). This number is now increased by only one additional 
species from South India, P. granuliferus. 
All the seven known cretaceous species agree in the characters mentioned 
above, and constitute a tolerably well defined small group. This must evidently 
be classed next to Strombus, forming in some respect a passage between the sub- 
genera Monodactylus and Gallinula,* but differing from both in the very strong 
development of the callosity of the apertuwral margins and the incwrved anterior 
canal. In all the three species, which we describe and of which we are in possession 
of good specimens, there is between the hook-like prolongation of the wing and the 
strong anterior notch a second slight insinuation of the margin, exactly similar to 
that of Str. canariwn or Str. japonicus, which circumstance makes it almost impos- 
sible to separate Pagnellus far from these living species of Strombus. 
The Pug. wneatus appears first somewhat different from the other species of 
Pugnellus, and is in general habitus more allied to species attributed to Gallinula, than 
to any of the other forms known. In comparing, however, the shells closely it is seen, 
that the mode of growth of the outer lips is exactly the same, the transverse ribs 
being curved in the same way, as in P. contortus, excepting that the angle, 
where the margin is bent, is only strongly thickened and produced,t while in 
the other species it is prolonged into a hook-like lobe. Another difference is the 
pointed termination of the canal and the broad insinuosity of the outer lip next 
to it: the former is only a consequence of a smaller development of the callose 
margin, which however is not wanting, and is in character exactly the same as in 
the two other species; the latter is a somewhat more marked difference, and is to 
be found of exactly similar shape in a few Rostellarie and especially in Hippocrene 
Montf., of which the eocene Hipp. macroptera, Lam. is considered as atype. A most 
noticeable fact is the great difference which exists between young or imperfect 
specimens of Pugnelius and those of full growth and perfect preservation, as may 
be seen by a comparison of the numerous figures on our Pl. III. 
The genus is as yet restricted to the above-mentioned seven cretaceous species. 
1. PUGNELLUS conTorTUs, Sow. sp. Pl. III, Figs. 1—5. 
1846. Strombus contortus, Sow., Forbes in Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. VII, p. 129, Pl. 15, Fig. 9. 
1850. Colombellina contorta, D’Orb. Prod. II, p. 231. 
1860. Strombus contortus (not cortortus), Sow. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, IV. p.284 (vide Pugnellus). 
1861. Pugnellus contortus, Sow. sp. Gabb, in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., Vol. VIII, p. 128. 
1864. Colwmbellina contorta, D’Orb. Pictet, Mat. p. 1. Pal. Suisse, Foss. Ste. Croix, 3me. ser. p. 671. 
Pug. testa elongate-ovata, spira brevi, acuminata, angulo 60°-65°; anfractibus 
senis, convexis, spiraliter obsolete-striatis, duobus ultimis transversaliter costulatis : 
costulis in ultimo anfractu flexuosis, antice versus evanescentibus, atque seepius prope 
marginem exteriorem in medio convexitatis tuberculis terminantibus; apertura ovali, 
* Ts also a genus of birds. 
7 Since our figure on Pl. III was prepared, another larger and more complete specimen has been pro- 
cured, on which the prolongation is much stronger. 
